Potenciais agentes de biocontrole para Meloidogyne incognita em cana-de-açúcar

Abstract

Sugarcane is a crop of special economic importance to Brazil which leads the rank among the 80 country producers. Highly decreasing sugarcane production, the nematodes of the genus Meloydogyne are pointed out as one of the most important pathogen. The present research had as objective screening potential rizobacterias, previously isolated from screening soybean, bean and tomato against to their respective pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Xantomonas campestris pv. phaseoli and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, as well Trichoderma spp. as antagonists to M. incognita in sugarcane variety RB863129. For rizobacteria studies, isolates were obtained from Universidade Federal de Viçosa and added to soil two days prior 30-day sugarcane seedlings had the soil infested with 5,000 eggs of M. incognita. Trichoderma spp. isolates were obtained from Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco and added to soil two days prior 30-day sugarcane seedlings had the soil infested with 10,000 eggs of the nematode. In both studies, plants were arranged in a complete randomized design and kept under greenhouse at 24-36 ºC. Ninety days after infestation with the nematode, it was evaluated extent and fresh biomass of shoot and roots, number and diameter of stalk node, gall index and nematode reproduction.The bacterial strains 38B, 39B, 44B, 49B and 53B presented high potential for M. incognita control decreasing significantly the nematode reproduction factor and gall index in sugarcane. The strains 101B and 172B. were significant in relation to control and positive for root colonization in vitro, being characterized as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR). For Trichoderma spp. the strains 3M, 8M, 17M and 225T and the strains 1M, 3M, 10M, 17M, 311T and 322 showed a high potential to control M. incognita significantly reducing the gall index and nematode reproduction factor, respectively, in sugarcane. In vitro, all the filtrates of Trichoderma spp. were effective in promoting juvenile mortality. In assessments of nematode eggs, sixteen among twenty-two strains were significant in relation to controls for parasitism of eggs with emphasis on strains 8M, 11M, 13M, 15M and 17M as the most promising.