Identificação específica de Colletotrichum, caracterização da agressividade e efeito de indutores químicos no controle da antracnose em maracujá amarelo

Abstract

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum sp., is the most important post harvest disease on the yellow passion fruit. The disease management measures have not been satisfactory ever during the pre or post harvest period. Aiming to contribute to the program of cultivar resistance, 33 isolates were obtained from three producing regions of Pernambuco State, to: i) identify specie with genetic marker (PCR primer); ii) to know the pathogen aggressiveness on post harvested yellow passion fruits; iii) aggressiveness characterization using: biochemical (extra cellular enzymatic activity on specific solid media), physiological (micelial growth on PDA) and genetic (RAPD primer)markers. Also, it was studied anthracnose control on post harvested yellow passion fruit using acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), DL -amine-n-butyric acid (BABA) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) chemical inducers. None DNA extracted from isolates reacted with C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum PCR primers markers, but 18 DNAs reacted with Colletotrichum of Passiflora PCR primermarker, although isolates not identified genetically showed morphological characteristics similar to C. gloeosporioides. Yellow passion fruits inoculations showed two isolate groups for aggressiveness: high (AG-1) and low (AG-2), but aggressiveness did not correlate with origin and teleomorphic and anamorphic morphotype. The biochemical (amilolytic, celullolytic, lypolytic and proteolytic enzymatic activities) and physiological (micelial growth) markers separated isolates in groups, but they were not a satisfactory makers to aggressiveness. It was not detected pectinolytic enzymatic activity by isolates because the used method it was not appropriated. Bands produced by reaction of 33 DNAs with 18 primers showed that AG-1 isolates are more related to each other than AG-2 isolates, being possible to separate isolates in two genetic groups,which not totality related with AG-1 and AG-2 isolates. The reactions of the RAPD OPA-9 primer with isolates DNA produced bands in position 14, on agarose gel, which allowed characterization of the 85.7 % of AG-1 isolates, showing error of 15.7 % by including three isolates from AG-2 into AG-1, but without technique importance. Study with the chemical ASM, BABA e MJ inducers showed that ASM and MJ, at 12.5; 25.0, 50.0 and 100.0 ppm concentrations, and BABA, at 50, 100, 500 and 1000 ppm concentrations, did not reduce Colletotrichum conidia germination, but BABA and JM stimulate this physiological process. ASM and JM reduced mycelium growth and BABA showed contrary effect. Yellow passion fruits immersed in ASM (100ppm), BABA (1000 ppm) and MJ (100 ppm) suspension and water (control), followed by Colletotrichum inoculation 24 hours after treatment, did not show anthracnose control.