Potencial de leveduras no controle biológico da podridão-de-esclerócio em feijão caupi

Abstract

The southern blight, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii soilborne fungi, is an important disease in the culture of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). The present work aimed: a) select, identify and verify the stability of antagonistic yeast isolates to S. rolfsii for biological control potential of rot southern blight in cowpea; b) elucidate the possible antagonistic activity in vitro of the yeast S. rolfsii, and the ability of yeast for growth promotion of cowpea plants. The experiments were conducted under conditions of a green house and in vitro assays. A total of five isolates, among 74 evaluated yeasts were selected in order to reduce the severity of southern blight in cowpea plants caused by an isolate of S. rolfsii pre selected in pathogenicity tests. Experimental tests showed that four out of five selected strains of yeast were stable in reducing disease severity in plants against three different isolates of S. rolfsii. There was a significant decrease in disease control was reduced when the concentration of these isolates yeast suspensions for seed treatment. The five selected yeast isolates were submitted to classification by classical taxonomy, considering the morphological, physiological and biochemical, as well as identifying the level of molecular biology, through sequencing of genomic regions ITS1 and ITS4. The five selected yeast isolates were identified as belonging to species Kodamaea ohmeri. In assays in vitro, all five strains of K. ohmeri showed activity "killer" positive, and observed an inhibition of mycelial growth of isolates of S. rolfsi grown on culture medium containing filtered extracted from strains of K. ohmeri for the majority of interactions tested. In tests of colonies pairings, only one isolate of K. ohmeri was effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of two isolates of S. rolfsii between three pathogen strains evaluated. The tests of promoting plant growth, all five isolates K. ohmeri selected have generated significant gains in Shoot biomass of plants from seed treatment. The use of isolated K. ohmeri selected been shown as a promising tool for biological control to be incremented in the management of diseases caused by S. rolfsii in cowpea culture