Dinâmica da nematofauna em resposta ao corte da cana-de-açúcar e fertirrigação com vinhaça

Abstract

The application of organic matter has been recognized as an efficient strategy for plant parasite nematode control, contributing for reduction of chemical products and their environmental impacts. In this context, the vinasse presents a high potential for use in alternative management of these important parasites due to the high volume of organic matter. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate nematode communities in soil and roots, correlating changes in physical and chemical soil attributes and nematode communities in function of irrigation with vinasse; evaluate the fertirrigation effect in vertical distribution of nematode communities in soil and in the spatial variability of the plant parasitic nematodes. Evaluations based on physical (soil humidity, density, porosity, granulometry, penetration resistance (MPa) and particle density) and chemical (pH, H, Al, P, Ca, Mg, Na, K and C-CO2 evolution) soil attributes and nematode community in soil and roots, carried out 30 days before and 30 and 90 days after sugarcane cut and vinasse application. There was reduction in total amount of nematode after vinasse irrigation. Soil density and Ca++ level correlated positively with the total amount of nematode and, in particular, the plant parasitic nematodes. Inversely, the organic matter correlated negatively with the free-living nematodes, plant parasitic nematodes and consequently the total amount of nematodes in soil, but presented positive correlation with endoparasites in roots. Changes in time on C-CO2 evolution were not significant neither the correlation with the taxa or trophic groups. The vertical irrigation effect on soil was signalized on Pratylenchus and Dorilamidae distribution and soil density. The higher changes in nematode densities in soil were attributed to depth, being layers of 10 and 20 cm the most crowded. According to semivariograms, endoparasite distribution fitted to spherical before and 30 days after and before vinasse application. However, ectoparasite distribution, fitted to spherical model before irrigation, shifted to exponential 30 days before vinasse application. Spatial dependence of ectoparasites was moderate after and before irrigation. Endoparasites presented moderate dependence before and weak after irrigation. At 90 days after irrigation, endo and ectoparasites did not present correlation among points sampled showing pure nugget effect.