Produção de quitinase e antagonismo de Trichoderma spp. contra Fusarium solani e Scytalidium lignicola e atividades enzimáticas antioxidantes em mandioca

Abstract

Cassava has economic importance in Brazil and abroad, for their food importance. The Northeast is the region that most increased this crop in Brazil, but farmers use few technologies, resulting in diseases and decline in production. The crop is attacked for numerous pathogens as Fusarium solani and Scytalidium lignicola, that causes diseases such as cassava root rot and cassava black root, affecting the commercial part of plant, the tubera. Several research, support the use of practices that enable the production and support the environment, so the use of biocontrol has been used, particularly with the use of Trichoderma spp. However, little research reporting the physiological mechanisms that are activated by plants when exposed to this interaction, pathogen-plant-antagonist such as plant response to infection diseases. Thus, the objective this work was to verify the potential antagonism of Trichoderma spp. against F. solani and S. lignicola, and evaluating the physiological response of plants exposed to the pathosystem. We analyzed in vitro inhibition of mycelial growth of F. solani and S. lignicola to select the best Trichoderma antagonist with potential direct these pathogens. By the method of use of basal medium with colloidal chitin as the only carbon source, it was used to evaluate the best Trichoderma production of chitinase. In greenhouse, the selected Trichoderma was compared against the use of plant resistance inducer in vivo inhibition assessing the severity of disease infested plants after 92 days of growth. Then we evaluated the enzyme of antioxidative complex (peroxidase ascorbate, catalase, peroxidase and polyphenyl oxidase). All strains were inhibited the growth of pathogens. However, the best strain against F. solani was T. hamatum (6656), and has been for S. lignicola was T. harzianum (3086), with values of 88.91 and 80.78% growth mycelial respectively, being designated as the best candidates for treatments in the greenhouse. For chitinase production evaluation, all Trichoderma tested were positive, highlighting the T. aureoviride (5158) to produce 6.70 U mL-1, being selected candidate for inhibiting the severity of pathogens in greenhouse. All Trichoderma selected for in vivo testing against the severities of diseases, presented efficiency compared to the control with the presence of the pathogen. However, the T. aureoviride (5158), showed the blunt values for both pathogens. The results of the enzymes of the plants, treatments that stopped inoculation of Trichoderma showed satisfactory results, collaborating with the answer in a greenhouse, however, again treating with the strain (5158), showed the best values, especially the production of the enzymes peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase. Therefore, concludes the efficiency of Trichoderma aureoviride (5158), for use as biocontrol of root rot and black rot of cassava as induced resistance to plant pathogens, contributing to the production of enzymes antioxidatives.