Seleção de bactérias para controle da meloidoginose e atividade isoenzimática de meloeiro parasitado por Meloidogyne incognita

Abstract

The objective of this work was to isolate and select bacteria for the control of Meloidogyne incognita and to evaluate the isozymatic activity of melon plants parasitized. Sixty-one rhizobacterium isolates obtained from rhizosphere soil and 56 endophytic obtained from the Culture Collection of Plant Bacteriology Laboratory - Federal Rural University of Pernambuco were tested. Melon seedlings yellow type 10 days old had their soil infested with 1000 eggs of Meloidogyne incognita race 2. Two days before soil infestation 20 mL of bacterial suspension (0,7 OD) were deposited in each pot. After 60 days fresh biomass of shoot and root , gall index, egg mass index and nematode reproduction factor were determined. Among 117 isolates the endophytic ENM7, ENM10 and ENM51 were selected because they significantly reduced egg mass index and/or gall index. However when tested again, separately or in mixtures, these isolates did not maintain their efficiency and besides they did not affect egg hatching in vitro. In order to study the activity of the isozymes α and β-esterase, peroxidase, acid phosphatase and malate dehydrogenase, plants of melon with 10 days old, had their soil infested with 500 nematode eggs per plant, and maintained in greenhouse. At 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 24 e 32 days after soil infestation the third leaf of each plant was collected and processed for electrophoresis of isozymes in polyacrilamide gel. Only β-esterase and malate dehydrogenase showed polymorphism between bands expressed by plants parasitized by nematodes when compared to the control plants. The nematode inhibited the expression of some β-esterase genes and activated the expression of other malate dehydrogenase genes.