Potencial de leveduras no biocontrole da resinose do coqueiro, causada por Ceratocystis paradoxa.

Abstract

The occurrence of stem bleeding, caused by Ceratocystis paradoxa (Anamorphic: Thielaviopsis paradoxa), compromises the productivity of green dwarf coconut and poses a threat to the entire production chain of green coconut. There are no fungicides registered in the Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) for the management of this disease, the indiscriminate use of the fungicide thiophanate methyl may result in the emergence of resistant pathogenic strains, environmental contamination and to human health. Biological control using yeast, promising biocontrol agents, may represent an efficient and applicable solution when aggregated to crop management. Work on yeasts not recovered in control of the causal agent of this disease, as well as studies related to its field control. The study aimed to select yeasts from fruits of the green dwarf coconut, with potential for biocontrol of stem bleeding coconut on the seedlings of green dwarf coconuts. Thirty-seven yeasts, isolated from immature coconuts, were evaluated in vivo for their potential to reduce the symptoms of stem bleeding in seedlings of green dwarf coconuts, packed in a greenhouse under 40 ± 2 ° C and 60 % RH, for two methods of application: spray (10 mL de 1x107 cells mL-1) and injection (1 mL de 1x107 cells mL-1); and in vitro (28 ± 2 °C, 12 h photoperiod), as for inhibition of mycelial growth, volatile metabolic action, parasitism, antibiosis and "killer" activity. Fifteen yeast strains in vivo reduced the percentage of the area damaged by C. paradoxa isolated Moju - PA. In vitro, the isolates identified as Pichia guilliermondii (LEV 25) and Candida dosseyi (LEV47), stood out as potentially promising antagonists, because of the diameter of the inhibited mycelial growth , competing for space and nutrients, and reduced production of conidia by the action of volatile metabolites on pathogenic isolates of Moju - PA, Neópolis- SE and Sousa –PB. This is the first report of reduction of the symptoms of stem bleeding in seedlings of green dwarf coconuts by the antagonistic action of yeast on C. paradoxa. The isolates of P. guilliermondii and C. dosseyi have potential as a component of integrated management of coconut stem bleeding