Caracterização agronômica e estimativa de parâmetros genéticos de Heliconia bihai L. e Heliconia stricta Huber para flor de corte

Abstract

The cultivation and commercialization of tropical flowers in Pernambuco are increasing mainly of species of the Heliconia genus. Due to the great diversity of species and cultivars marketed, studies are necessary to provide information regarding the production and flower stem characteristics to use as an ornamental plant and cut flower. The objective of this study was to characterize and estimate the genetic parameters for cut flower in Heliconia bihai and Heliconia stricta of Federal Rural University of Pernambuco Heliconia Germoplasm Collection (CGH/UFRPE). The CGH/UFRPE is located in Camaragibe-PE, in full sun and distributed in a randomized block design with four replications. Were selected and evaluated four genotypes of Heliconia bihai (Hb1and; Hb2; Hb3 and HbNY) and Heliconia stricta (Hs1; HsFB, Hs3 and HsT) and the following agronomic characters: yield per plant, early flowering, number of days for emission of the first inflorescence, number of leaves on flowering stem, number of days to emission the inflorescence, number of days to harvest the inflorescence; productive cycle of the plant, inflorescence length and width, flower stem length and diameter, flower stem mass and post-harvest durability of the inflorescence. The genotypes of Heliconia HB1and Hb3 bihai were the most precocious and productive (260 and 311 days after planting; 45.08 and 42.31 flower stem/clump. year, respectively) and had shortest production cycle (204 and 211 days respectively) and floral stem mass (209 and 210 g, respectively). Regarding Heliconia stricta, HS1 genotype had the shortest production cycle (214.67 days) and floral stem mass (116 g). However the HST was most starting flowering 390 days after planting, and more productive (38.44 flower stem/clump. year). All the characters had heritability above 78% and demonstrate significant positive correlation between the number of days to harvest the inflorescence and post-harvest durability. For the graphical plot analysis, the characters days to inflorescence emission, the production cycle of plant, flower stem length and width of the inflorescence could be removed. The results indicate that there is variability between among genotypes Heliconia bihai and Heliconia stricta genotypes. Genotype Hb1could be indicated for the commercial cultivation of cut flower.