Tratamento de bacelos, sobrevivência de Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola em tesouras de raleio, desinfestação desta ferramenta e de água utilizada na produção de mudas de videira

Abstract

The introduction and spread of grapevine bacterial canker caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola (Xcv) occurs, among other ways, through plantlets, grapevine cuttings and farming tools. This study aimed to: evaluate the effectiveness of treatments of cuttings to eradicate Xcv using thermotherapy, bactericides and sanitizers; prove the survival of Xcv into thinning shears; and select efficient sanitizers for disinfection of these tools and water used in the production of plantlets. In the first study, the Xcv isolates were tested for pathogenicity and "in vitro" sensitivity to bactericides and sanitizers (streptomycin+oxytetracycline, oxytetracycline+copper sulfate, kasugamycin and oxytetracycline; dodecyldimethyl ammonium chloride, sodium hypochlorite and benzalkonium chloride) at different concentrations. The eradication of Xcv on cuttings was tested in experiments with thermotherapy (50˚C for 30 and 40 min; 53˚C for 5 and 10 min); bactericides oxytetracycline+copper sulphate (150+2000, 165+2200, 180+2400 and 195+2600 mg L-1 of H2O) and oxytetracycline (600, 700, 800 and 900 mg L-1) and sanitizers dodecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (600, 1200, 1800, 2400, 3000 μl L-1) sodium hypochlorite (5000, 10000, 20000, 30000, 40000 μl L-1) and benzalkonium chloride (125, 167, 250, 334, 500 μl L-1). The bactericidal oxytetracycline and sanitizers dodecyldimethyl ammonium chloride and sodium hypochlorite provided the largest zones of inhibition, in vitro. However, it was not possible to recommend an efficient treatment of temperature/time, and concentrations of bactericides or sanitizers, among those tested, capable of eradicating Xcv of infected grapevine cuttings. In the second study, survival was evaluated 0-42 h after dipping the scissors in pathogen suspension. In vitro susceptibility test and initial selection in scissors were performed with the sanitizers dodecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (1200 μl L-1), sodium hypochlorite (20000 μl L-1), benzalkonium chloride (250 μl L-1), sodium dichloroisocyanurate (16.25 mg L-1), calcium hypochlorite (130 mg L-1), calcium oxychloride (97.5 mg L-1) and chlorine dioxide (25 μl L-1). To validate the efficiency of sanitizers for disinfection of scissors the first two products were tested at the same concentrations, and 50 cuts were sequentially made in vine leaves. The controls only with Xcv allow verifying the dissemination ability of Xcv from an inoculum source. The viability of the same sanitizers was studied 0-8 h after solution preparation. Disinfection of water contaminated with Xcv was tested with two bactericidal and three sanitizers. Xcv survived 24 h in thinning shears. Sodium hypochlorite (20000 μl L-1) and dodecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (1200 μl L-1) provided the greatest inhibition halos and disinfested scissors contaminated with Xcv. Solutions of these sanitizers remained viable for 8 h. Xcv was spread by contaminated thinning shears, on average, until the 24th cut. Disinfestation of the water contaminated with Xcv utilized in the plantlets production was obtained by dodecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (600 μl L-1), sodium hypochlorite (5000 μl L-1) and benzalkonium chloride (250 μl L-1).