Desenvolvimento de genótipos de arroz vermelho para sistema de cultivo de terras altas

Abstract

In Brazil predominates the consumption of white-rice. However, recently the high demand for special types of rice by the population is increasing the necessity of supplying this new market segment with breeds that have its own characteristics which are different from the common white-rice. Thus, the red-rice is one of this special breed and for its farming are usually employed seeds landraces that have high number of tillers, elevated height and lodging susceptibility. Such characteristics work like barriers that the plant breeder has to overcome in order to sustain the development of the red-rice agriculture. The objectives of this study were to obtain rice with red seed-vessel by the backcross method and estimates the genetics parameters of the population (F2) generated by the crossing of the IAC 25 cultivar and red-rice from qualitative descriptors utilised in the rice farming. The plants were grown in plastic containers in greenhouse and the pollination was natural by the dehiscence of the anthers and pollen clearance. F1 plants population were acquired from the crossing of IAC-25 and the red-rice plants that were utilised as male genitors to obtain the RC1, being the female genitor at this point and through the rest of the experiment the IAC-25. For the conduction of the experiment and the parameters estimation was adopted the randomized complete blocks design with 4 treatments (IAC-25, red-rice, F1 population and F2 population) and 4 replicates at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco in the city of Refice. The characters of the genetics parameters estimated were: grain production, plant height, days up to blossoming, number of seeds per panicle, panicle length, flag-leaf length, flag-leaf width, numbers of tillers and days up to seed maturation. It was performed as well the study of the genetic inheritance from the morphologic descriptors: either presence or absence of leaf pilosity on the leaf blade, either golden colour or straws at the glumes and either presence or absence purple apiculus at the rice F2 population by the chi-square test (). In the first experiment was verified that for each 16 descendent at least one would express the expected phenotype based on the occurrence probability of the genotype. The observed values indicates certain non-alignment with the expected estimations as at the RC1 population produced only 6 descendents being that it was expected at least 10 plants with red grain production. In the RC2 population the observed result was even more discrepant concerning the expected values as when it was expected 10 plants with the desired character only 2 were found with the red pericarp. On the second experiment the estimations of the genetics parameters shown that the highest answers by selection were obtained for the plant height, panicle length, numbers of grains per panicle and days up to the blossoming. The plant height and days up to blossoming characteristics showed positive genotypes correlations with the yield. At the inherence study it was evident that the presence and absence of leaf blade pilosity, golden colour and glumes straw have monogenic inheritance and exhibit independent segregation.