Avaliação agronômica de genótipos de bananeira no Vale do Rio Siriji, Pernambuco

Abstract

The productivity of the banana plantations located in the “Zona da Mata” of Pernambuco is considered extremely reduced and banana crop, in exception of a few big growers, is still in a low level of technology and uses inappropriate cultivars with low yield, high plants, and are susceptible to the main pests and diseases, besides the primitive handling techniques. The most cultivated varieties planted are Pacovan and Pome, both corresponding to about 90% of the total and the remaining 10% are composted by other cultivars Plantain, Silk, Dwarf Cavedish and Giant Cavendish. With the purpose of improvement in the production system, by technological alternatives, Embrapa Coastal Tablelands carried out trial on the Siriji River Valley, in Pernambuco, Brazil. This experiment had the objective of evaluating seven types of superiors banana genotypes during the first and the second cycle of production in this region. Phenotypic descriptors were used to reflect the interaction between the genotype and the environment, important to identification and selection of individuals with superior characteristics suitable to increase the banana production in that region. The evaluated genotypes were the Pacovan/Pome types: PV 42-53, PV 79-34, Japira, Preciosa and ST 12-31, and the silk types: YB 42-03 and YB 42-07, supplied and multiplied by Embrapa Cassava and Tropical Fruits, in Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil. The trial was carried out using randomized complete blocks with seven treatments, four 12 useful plants in the plot. Spacing used was 3.00 m X 3.00 m and the holes had the dimension of 0.40 m X 0.40 m X 0.40 m. The plants, irrigated by microaspersion, were submitted to the usual recommended treatment for the banana. The following characteristics were evaluated: number of days between the first and the second harvest; number of days from the planting to the inflorescence, from the inflorescence to the harvest, and from the planting and the harvest; plant height, pseudostem circumference; number of alive leafs in the in florescence and in the harvest; bunch weight; number of hands/bunch and fingers/hand; and the fruit weight, length diameter and skin thickness. The statistical analysis was done by using the SAS-Statistical Analysis System program, and the averages were grouped by the Scott-Kott test under 5% of probability. In the first cycle there was difference in the observed fruit length and skin thickness which resulted in two distinct groups. The other characteristics did not present difference, although the Pacovan hybrids presented excelent prodution characteristics, which is the case of the Japira cultivar that stood out in its bunch weight (19.52 kg), number of hands (7.4) and the fruit weight(104,95 kg). However, in the second cycle, there was significant difference to the most observed characteristics where the bunch weight, the hybrid ST 12-31 had the biggest value (19.3 kg), ahead of the Preciosa (17.4 kg) and the PV 42-53 (16.7 kg). Other important characteristics such as weight and length of the fruit show that Pacovan hybrids had the best values: 137.92 to 152,83 g of weight and 145.01 to 163.04 cm of length. The Preciosa, Japira and PV 42-53 hybrids had an outstanding performance and better exploration potential on the Siriji River Valley in comparision to the other genotypes due to the observed vegetative characteristics and production, allied to the local growers acceptation because of their agronomical characteristics.