Utilização de rizóbios e fungo micorrízico para implantação de um sistema agroflorestal no semiárido pernambucano

Abstract

The use of agroforestry systems (SAF’s) has been an alternative to reduce environmental impacts and assist in the recovery of degraded areas. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with rhizobia strains and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with legume trees intercropped with cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] in SAF's. Seedling production was carried out in the greenhouse of UFRPE / UAST. Using seeds of leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit) and mimosa (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.). The seeds were disinfected and inoculated with strains of native rhizobia (S1LRJ and S1003) and recommended by EMBRAPA (Semia 6069 and BR 3405) for leucaena and mimosa respectively, sown in containers with soil. After 100 days of emergency were planted in an experimental area of IFPE, Campus Belo Jardim, PE. The plot was composed of eight trees with spacing of 4.0 x 2.5 m, half inoculated with Gigaspora margarita. The experimental design was in randomized block (DBC) in factorial 2x2x4(with and without mycorrhiza, native and recommended rhizobia, and four times of assessment) with 3 blocks in split plot, each species being assessed separately. Evaluations were performed at implantation, at 60, 120 and 180 days by determining: plant height (AP), stem diameter of plants (DC) and the ratio of the height and diameter (RAPDC). At 60 days, was planted cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Cultivar IPA 206, inoculated with strain (BR 3267) at a spacing of 0.5 x 0.5 m. Assessing the effect of different treatments on beans in DBC with factorial 4x2x2 (two trees with native and recommended rhizobia, with and without mycorrhiza and with and without rhizobia strains to cowpea) in split split plot. Determined shoot dry mass (MSPA), yield (kg ha-1), shoot total N, soil microbial biomass (BMS) and organic carbon. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. Was observed highest developing in mimosa seedlings, with no isolated effect of the treatments, occurring interaction to G. margarita and Rhizobium S1003. There wasno influence of treatments for yield, total N and MSPA of cowpea and soil organic C and BMS. This study shows the importance of understanding the interactions micro-organism/plant to optimize the application of biotechnology in crop production.