Prospecção de fitopatógenos e caracterização de solos arenosos envolvidos na supressividade ou conducividade da podridão radicular da mandioca, causada por Scytalidium lignicola

Abstract

The cultivation of cassava has great economic impact in Brazil and worldwide due to its importance in human and animal foods and industrialization. The Northeast is a major national producer, being linked to a production in which uses little or no technology, which has contributed to increasing the number and severity of disease. Among these, the cassava root rot is becoming a major cause of losses. Therefore, this dissertation aimed to: 1. Perform prospecting the main biological agent responsible for cassava root rot in four cities who are among the largest producers of cassava in the state 2. Select sandy soils under twenty types of coverage, from the semiarid region of Pernambuco and characterize its chemical, physical and microbial properties 3. Determine the soil enzymes activity involved in the cycles (C, N, S and P), 4. Evaluate the natural suppressiviness on indigenous populations and with the inoculation of Scytalidium lignicola. In the Pernambuco state is prevalent Fusarium pathogens, associated to cassava root rot. In the Caetés city was prevalent pathogen Scytalidium lignicola affected areas with cassava root rot. When assessing the chemical, physical and microbial, physical variables (soil density, soil total porosity, field capacity, sand and clay), chemical (pH, Na, Ca and P) and microbial (soil basal respiration, carbon total organic, microbial biomass carbon, fluorescent group bacteria, total bacteria and endospore-forming bacteria) were more sensitive in detecting differences between the sandy soils with 20 different types of uses and vegetation covers from the semiarid region of Pernambuco. The human activity interferes directly in the enzymatic activity of the systems under different covers, which can be used as indicators of soil quality. The main variables involved in suppressiveness were high levels of K, Ca, soil basal respiration, organic matter, microbial biomass carbon, qCO2, qMIC, soil porosity total, wilting point, sand, FDA and arylsulfatase. The principal component analysis selected the attributes (severity, P, Ca, K, fluorescent group of bacteria, soil basal respiration, sand, acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase), able to detect differences between treatments, separated into three groups of similarity between soils conducive and in five groups between soils suppressive to root rot of cassava caused by Scytalidium lignicola.