Ciclo celular : estudando a formação de conceitos no ensino médio

Abstract

A great concern of the professors in general and the professors of Biology in particular is the difficulty in becoming its lessons more interesting and motivating for the students. The education of microscopical contents constitutes in an insurmountable barrier for the majority of the students due to the necessary level of abstraction to their understanding as the relation of the micro world with the macro world, which is of basic importance, for the understanding of the body of systemic form. Perceiving the relevance of the process of the cellular cycle in the existence and maintenance of the alive organism and being the same, emphatically, an abstract and microscopical content, this research had the purpose to deepen the topical "cellular cycle" testing the effectiveness of the use of alternative didactic resources that contemplate the objectives considered for the series in which are worked, aiming at to propitiate the construction of the involved concepts. The research was carried through in a school of the state public net and had as public, in all the moments, 20 students of a group of 1º year of Average Learning, with the age average from 19 years to 60 years. The methodology involved activities of collection of the alternative conceptions of the students, through a questionnaire, for a diagnostic evaluation, that served of orientation for the elaboration of a didactic sequence contemplating the contextualization and the cooperation in all its stages. In the didactic sequence, transparencies and archives of multimedia had been used to facilitate the visualization of the process as well as proposals situation-problem aiming to defy and to instigate the thought of the students. In the scope of cooperative learning, we opt to use the cooperative method of Jigsaw I, as facilitated form in the construction of the concept of cellular cycle, based in the theory partner-constructivist of Vygotsky, which emphasizes the interaction of the students and the mediation of the professor in the learning process. The identification of the referring difficulties of learning to the concept of cellular cycle was extremely excellent for the research, therefore through its diagnose we had conditions to plan an anchored didactic sequence in these difficulties and, therefore to assist in the construction of the concept in screen. The developed didactic sequence, based in the cooperative learning with the aid of the cooperative method of Jigsaw I, as well as of technological tools (multimedia archives), facilitated the understanding of the concept in study for having propitiated moments of relation between the worlds macrocospic and microscopical. Finally, the use of cooperative groups in the formation of concepts was, in this research, an important instrument, once that the responsibility of each one in the acquisition of the knowledge, the interaction between the groups and the professor with them, awakened in the students the interest for the learning. The analyses of the results disclosed that to work abstract concepts in a cooperative perspective and contextualized, besides motivating the pupils to the lessons and to propitiate the understanding of the concepts, take the students to the rescue of human values, developing attitudes of responsibility and citizenship.