Educação ambiental e ensino de ciências : uma análise de estratégias didáticas no nível fundamental

Abstract

The present research make an analysis of didactic strategies used by Elementary School Science Teachers of the municipal system of Escada/PE for the development of environmental issues, searching for to identify factors that can contribute to a Critical Environmental Education in this teaching level. The methodological course was constituted by two stages: An exploratory one that searched for to identify the Sciences teachers' of the municipal district conceptions about Environmental Education and evaluating how those teachers declare that work with environmental issues in classroom; and a second stage constituted in observations of Sciences and Environmental Education classes of three teachers selected in the previous stage. In this phase of analysis of the strategies used by those teachers in that it looked for to establish a relation between the two contexts and identifying difficulties and possibilities for the development of the Critical Environmental Education, the discursive dynamics of the referred class rooms was analyzed using the analytic tool proposed by Mortimer and Scott (2002). The analysis of the discursive dynamics makes possible to understand how the meanings are created and developed in the interaction between the teacher and the students in classroom using the language and other communication ways. In spite of the predominance of the naturalistic conception of the relation society-nature, of interactions that make possible a shy participation of the students and of the predominance of strategies that don't privilegethe approach to the content in the three dimensions, conceptual, procedural and attitudinal, in the investigated teachers' classes, the data point effectivation possibilities of the Environmental Education in the two analyzed contexts, once, the evidence of didactic strategies mediated by the socio environmental conception of the relation society-nature and of interactions that made possible a larger participation of the students, privileging the dialogue of several knowledge necessary to the construction of participative individuals. The data still pointing the need of a process of teachers' formation that privileges the orientation principles of the Critical Environmental Education.