Estudo de fatores do aspecto sanitário em relação à infecção por parasitos gastrintestinais em caprinos e ovinos no estado de Pernambuco - Brasil

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of sanitary aspects in the infection for gastrointestinal parasites in goats and sheep in the State of Pernambuco. The occurrence of anthelminthic resistance was evaluated in six properties of goat creations from municipal districts of the Zona da Mata, Agreste and Sertão, and five sheep properties located in the Metropolitan Area of Recife, Zona da Mata and Agreste. The effectiveness of the products was evaluated by the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and calculated by the formula: % Effectiveness = 1 -[(medium EPG after treatment / medium EPG before the treatment)] x 100, indicating inefficacy with smaller index than 90%. Another study take place, as part of the Sheep and Goat Health Program for Pernambuco State - Brazil, developed by the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - Department of Veterinary Medicine, in partnership with the Secretaria de Produção e Reforma Agrária of the State and the city hall of four municipal districts from the Semi-arid Zone of Pajeú, to verify the infection indexes for gastrointestinal parasites in goat and sheep flocks by means of fecal egg (FEC) and oocyst counts (FOC) and larval culture, besides the investigation of the association between the frequency of gastrointestinal parasites and factors related to the hygienic-sanitary and productive management in those properties, realizing the counting of eggs (EPG) and oocysts (OPG) per gram of feces and applying an investigative questionnaire to knowledge of the sanitary profile of the properties. Moxidectina 1% presented effectiveness in both goats and sheep flocks. Ivermectina was shown effective just in the sheep flocks. The results obtained with albendazole indicated resistance in goat as in sheep. In properties of Semi-arid Zone of Pajeú, 931 fecal samples were analyzed of goat, being obtained positivity of 68.10% (634/931) for Strongyloidea type eggs, 3.65% (34/931) for Trichuris sp., 2.15% (20/931) for Moniezia sp., and 25.35% (236/931) for oocysts of Eimeria spp. From sheep 847 samples were analyzed, of these 59.03% (500/847), 2.36% (20/847), 2.48% (21/847), and 22.20% (188/847) were positive for Strongyloidea type eggs, Trichuris sp., Moniezia spp. and Eimeria spp. respectively. Haemonchus sp. predominated in larval culture following by Trichostrongylus and Oesophagostomum in goats as in sheep. Among the factors of the management told by the owners, the most important association was with the infection for helminths in goats, mainly for the exploration type, isolation of the sick animals, separation for category, types of facilities, sources of water and death of animals as clinical sign. In sheep herds, only the isolation of sick animals presented significant association with the frequency of infection for helminths. The association of the factors of the management with the infection frequency for Eimeria spp. in goats was significant for creation system, exploration type, isolation of the sick animals, separation for category, types of facilities, sources of water and clinical signs as diarrhea, anemia and death of animals. For the infection for Eimeria spp. in sheep it was verified significant association with creation system, exploration type, veterinary attendance and types of facilities. It was observed that the positivity to the parasitism was higher when certain handling practices were used with which a reduction of the infection indexes would be expected, even in some cases in that it was not statistical significance, denoting inadequacy of he practices of sanitary handling adopted, mainly due to the frequencies of parasitism obtained for goats and sheep, especially for helminths.