Estabilidade de agregados e relações de atributos do solo com a nematofauna em áreas de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar.

Abstract

The present study had as objective evaluating effects of vinasse application on aggregates stability and correlating physical and chemical soil attributes with indices of soil aggregation and nematode community in sugarcane growing areas at south coast of Pernambuco, Brazil. For aggregates stability studies, soil samples were collected from layers at 0.0-0.2 and 0.2-0.4 m in 12 areas with and without vinasse application. Textural analysis of soils was carried out and it was evaluated particle density, soil density, total porosity, clay disperses in water, flocculation grade of clay, pH in water and in KCl, total organic carbon, organic matter and C-CO2 evolution in soil. No deformed soil samples were collected and evaluated for stability of aggregates in water through the aggregation indices: ponder medium diameter (PMD), finer module (FM) and percentage of aggregate > 2.00 mm (AGRI). Data were submitted to analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation coefficient at 0.05 level of probability. There was no difference in areas with and without vinasse for the soil aggregation indices PMD, FM and AGRI. In areas with vinasse organic carbon presented better correlations with PMD, FM and AGRI. The higher percentage of AGRI occurred at 0.0-0.2 m in areas with vinasse. For nematode community studies, soil samples were collected from layers at 0.0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.3, 0.3-0.4 and 0.4-0.5 m and roots at 0.2-0.3 m, in 14 areas. In the 258 samples collected, it was carried out textural analysis of soils and evaluated particle density, soil density, total porosity, clay disperse in water, flocculation grade of clay, pH in water and in KCl, organic matter, C-CO2 evolution in soil and nematode community structure. The grade of linear correlation between pair of points was determined through Pearson's correlation coefficient at 0.05 level of probability. The relations of the nematode community components with soil texture, soil density and particle density varied with nematode. The soil total organic carbon, organic matter and biomass heterotrophic activity directly influenced nematode population density, however, the areas studied were more heterogeneous within soil attributes than in nematode structure. Were conducted canonical correspondence analyses and Hierarchical cluster analyses using algorithms UPGMA and Ward. The CCA showed low correlations between soil properties and the rate of nematodes, giving other environmental factors the power to explain relations between rate-environment. The clusters using UPGMA and Ward algorithms, based on Euclidean distances and Sorensen (Bray-Curtis) were similar. Not differentiating the structure of nematode communities between areas with and without application of vinasse.