Eficiência da aplicação de níveis da necessidade de gesso na correção de solos salino-sódicos

Abstract

The present study had as objective to evaluate the effectiveness of applying different levels of gypsum on saline-sodic soil reclamation and its influence on physical-chemical newly corrected soil characteristics by the gypsum application. The laboratory experiment used PVC columns. The treatments were done in a randomized factorial arrangement block of 2x5 (two soil x five level gypsum of requirement), with five replicates. The levels used were equivalent to 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 % of gypsum requirement, determined by the modified method Schoonover (Schoonover M-1), incorporated at the first 12,5 cm column of soil. The leachate electrical conductivity (EC), soluble cations and pH were evaluated. In soils were determinate the exchangeabled sodium and the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP); The EC, soluble cations and sodium adsorption relation (SAR) in the saturation extract; the hydraulic conductivity, infiltration rate, the dispersed clay water and aggregate stability. The application level 100% of the need of plaster, obtained by the method of Schoonover M-1, followed by a water depth correspondent to three pore volumes afforded the correction of soil sodicity (SAR < 13 mmol L-1 and ESP < 15 %). The water depth correspondent to three times the pore volumes corrected salinity of soil was used when the levels of 50 and 100 % of gypsum requirement (EC < 4,0 dS m-1). The use of increasing levels of gypsum for the correction of saline-sodic soils provided greater water infiltration rate of the soil. The level of 100 % of the gypsum requirement in lower degree of dispersion and more stability of aggregates of soils.