Variabilidade espacial de atributos químicos e biológicos do solo sob cultivo de cana-de-açúcar

Abstract

Sugarcane cropping plays an important economic and social role in Northeastern Brazil, being productivity associated to many agricultural and environment factors. The sugarcane harvest operations and stillage application affect diversity and soil biota distribution. On the other hand, high populations of plant parasitic nematodes present additional indication of poor ecosystem health. Considering there is little information on biodynamic under agroecosystem management, this study aimed to i)characterize the structure and spatial dependence of nematodes (Meloidogyne spp. + Pratylenchus zeae) in North Mata of Pernambuco, for three periods: 30 days before the sugarcane cut, 10 days after cutting (30 days before stillage application) and 50 days after cutting (10 days after stillage application) and ii) characterize the structure and magnitude of spatial dependence these nematodes and soil chemical properties under sugarcane cultivation 30 days before crop cutting. To meet the first objective it was used a regular sampling design in 60×50 m-grid, with points 10-m spaced, collecting samples at 0-0.5 m-depth. The spatial distribution of nematodes was evaluated using semivariograms and ordinary kriging for mapping nematode density in the sampling periods. For the second objective it was used the same sampling design collecting samples at 0,20 – 0,30 m depth. Spatial distribution of the variables Ca, CTC, MO, pH, SB, V% and nematodes was evaluated using semivariograms and adjustments by ordinary Kriging interpolation for mapping. All variables evaluated presented spatial dependency. The MO, V% and nematodes (Meloidogyne spp. + P. zeae) adjusted to spherical model, CTC and SB to exponential model, and Ca and pH to gaussian model. Data indicated that classical statistic can be used to analyze Meloidogyne spp. + P. zeae samples collected far than 17 m. Stillage application decreased the number of aggregates and the nematode population density. In contrast to OM, increases on Ca, CTC, SB, V% and pH favored increments on nematode population density. The maps allowed visualizing the nematode variability pattern constituting an useful tool for defining management strategies and recovery of infested areas.