Parâmetros fitométricos e produtivos do cafeeiro irrigado e submetido a doses de nitrogênio na Região de Garanhus

Abstract

The coffee practiced in Pernambuco, today, occupies an area of 8 hectares distributed between the Mata Norte (500 ha) and 40 towns of the Wasteland (7.5 thousand hectares). Among the major producing towns stand out Taquaritinga do Norte, Garanhuns, Bom Conselho, Belo Jardim, Brejão and Triunfo. These areas are produced a volume of coffee that correspond only 23% of the state of Pernambuco. This is possibly due to the lack of actions in the past when the coffee Northeastern hadn’t incentives to plantations technically managed or specific experimental work. However, observed the importance of coffee to the State of Pernambuco, which comes to move an annual amount from R$ 8.5 million, becoming so the second largest coffee producer in the Northeast, losing only to Bahia. The development and productivity of the coffee crop are affected by several factors, among them water, that little or in excess, contributes to the reduction in crop income. Addition of water, another aspect to be observed, and that is of extreme importance, concerns the status of the plant. Thus, to there is an enhancement in the development of culture is necessary to do these all the essential nutrients and they are available in the soil solution to be fully absorbed. In this context, nitrogen is important for being highly demanded by the coffee since the beginning of its development until the time of full production, the nutrient is essential for significant increases in the crop income. After these arguments, it was aimed at by this work: evaluate the parameters phytometric of Arabic coffee (Coffea arabica L.) irrigated and submitted to nitrogen at different phenological stages; evaluate the relationship between production and nitrogen application in determining the best dose be recommended; define the critical strips of nitrogen in the coffee plant for the phases phenological; determine the amount ofnitrogen that is exported by fruits. The experiment was driven in a coffee plantation irrigated orchard 5 years old, located in Garanhuns-PE. The experimental design was completely used with six treatments (doses of nitrogen: 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and500 kg ha-1) and four repetitions, totaling twenty-four plants that resulting data were analyzed of variance and regression at 5% significance level. In conclusion, it was determined that the treatments used in the experiment did not explain variations in the parameters phytometric (height and area index to foliate) Coffea arabica L. var. Catuaí. The productivity with the maximum economic efficiency for the coffee was of 54 bags for hectare of benefited coffee for an application of 196.43 kg ha-1 of nitrogen to the soil, which represented a 41.85% reduction in fertilizer nitrogen for maximum productivity. The critical nitrogen ranged from phenological stage of grain filling for the phenological stage of maturation, and their values, from 25.72 to 27.19 g kg-1 and 29.24 to 29.6 g kg-1. The dose of applied nitrogen to the soil that provided the largest removal of that element for the fruits was the one of 328,62 kg ha-1, where it was verified that in a hectare was removed by the production 204,31 kilograms of nitrogen.