Zoneamento da aptidão climática de culturas de importância para comunidades indígenas do semiárido nordestino. [en]

Abstract

In Brazil, currently live 817.000 indians, approximately 0.4% of the Brazilian population. They are distributed in 688 indigenous lands and some urban areas. In Northeastern Brazil, there is a large number of indigenous ethnic groups, of which a part survives in the semiarid northeast, using subsistence agriculture as a source of survival. The main crops are maize, cowpea and cassava. Examples of the semiarid northeast communities that develop agriculture are the Entre Serras Pankararu indians (Jatobá/PE - Petrolândia/PE - Tacaratu/PE), the Kiriri indians (Banzaê/BA - Quijingue/BA), Tuxá indians – Village Mother (Rodelas/BA), Pankararé indians (Glória/BA) and Tumbalalá indians (Abaré/BA - Curaçá/BA). The objective was with this job, perform the agroclimatic zoning of crops of economic and cultural importance to such indigenous communities located at the Brazilian semiarid northeast, considering three scenarios of precipitation, in order to support the selection of favorable sites for these crops, and relate estimates of the conditions with the growing season and crop development. Were used climatic data of 169 locations, of which 52 with a historical series more than 30 years of data and 117 with a historical series less than 30 years of data, thus obtaining better representation of data in the study region. From the climatic data of air temperature and rainfall, as the scenario, we calculated the climatological water balance. Analyzing each scenario of precipitation, it was observed that the locations varied for agroclimatic for growing cowpea, maize and cassava fitness, presenting some points of climate unsuitable. The results show that in this semiarid region of Brazil it is not possible to draw an agricultural annual planning for rainfed crops in dry years. There is great variability and irregularity of rainfall throughout the year in various locations studied.