Níveis da necessidade de gesso sobre as características físico-químicas e na correção de solos salino-sódicos do perímetro irrigado de Ibimirim - PE

Abstract

In regions of arid and semiarid weather, due to high evaporation rates and low annual rainfall, there is the formation of soils with high levels of soluble salts and / or exchangeable sodium, affecting directly their physical and chemical characteristics, limiting or even preventing plant growth. This problem is old, but its magnitude and intensity have been increasing due to the adoption of inappropriate farming practices, especially in areas where soils are more susceptible to natural degradation process. Aiming to evaluate the effect of gypsum on the modification of physico-chemical properties of saline-sodic soils collected in the Irrigated Perimeter of Ibimirim-PE, an experiment was carried out in soil columns installed in the Laboratory of Soil Mechanics and Utilization Waste from the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco-UFRPE. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement of two soils (S1 and S2) and seven levels of gypsum requirement (50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200%) determined by the Method Laboratory Schoonover -M1. The plaster was incorporated to the soil in three replicates, totaling 42 experimental units. The parameters evaluated were: Electrical Conductivity (EC), Soluble Cations and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) in the saturation paste extract of soil, the sodium and Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP), the EC and the soluble sodium of solution drained, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ko) and degree of flocculation (DF). The level of the 100% of plaster need caused decreased of sodicity to values of SAR < 13 mmolc L-1 and ESP <15%, presenting itself as an effective method in reducing the levels of exchangeable sodium in salt-affected areas. The water depth of three times the volume of pores decreased the EC of folder saturation to values < 4 dS m-1, is indicated for the correction of soils salinity in the study. Increasing amounts of the levels of correctives resulted in increased levels of saturated hydraulic conductivity of soils and degree of flocculation.