Capacidade de combinação e sistemas de poda em pimentão

Abstract

This present study contains two kinds of experiments performed by peppers farming, in which the first one presents as its goals: the assessment of the performance of triple hybrids of pepper, obtained from partial diallel cross between five inbred lines and two simple commercial hybrids; to estimate the average heterosis related to their parents, the effects of the specific overall capacity of the combination of lines and testers, as well as their gene effects; and to check the potential of these genotypes to extract lines in relation to their productivity and their fruits quality. For this to happen, the triple hybrids and their parents were analyzed using the partial diallel scheme, and the investigation performed according to method 2 of model 1 proposed by Griffing (1956) and adapted by Geraldi & Miranda Filho (1998) to partial diallels. That point is the place where the parents are included and the experimental material is considered a fixed set, by estimating lines overall capacity, testers and specific capacities of combinations for each possibility of matches between the parents. The assessed agronomic features were: average fruit diameter, average fruit length, fruit length/ diameter relation, number of locules of the fruit, pulp thickness, number of fruits per plant and average fruit weight; early production, fruit weight per plant . It became possible to detect genetic variability among genotypes of the diallel to be explored in the improvement. The major part of triple hybrids obtained by crossing them to Valdor, presented positive values of heterosis for the assessed features; the additive and non-additive effects are important and significant, since they show the performance of genotypes and their contribution to superior hybrids production; the lines L1B, L6 and L7 and the tester hybrid Valdor were assessed as good combiners because they showed a better capacity of combination when matched with the majority of the assessed features; the triple hybrids L1B x VAL and L7 x VAL are noteworthy for the best performance among the assessed genotypes, with the greatest capacity of specific combination. At the second experiment, it has been analyzed the production and the genotype features of hydroponic and indoor grown peppers by two pruning systems. It has been used a randomized block design, three repetitions and split portions arranged treatments. The portions were composed by pruning system (1-2-4 and 1-2-4-N) and the split portions were constituted by pepper genotypes. The variables examined were average fruit diameter, fruit length, diameter/ length relation, average thickness of the fruit, the average number of locules, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, early productivity and total productivity. The experimental portion was composed by three vases, each one presenting a plant. The collected data were submitted to variance analysis and the averages were compared by using Scott-Knott test at 5%. The hybrids presented satisfying agronomic characteristics, being the simple hybrids Valdor and the triple hybrid L6 x VAL the most productive ones. The pruning systems impact the results for pepper performance at fruit diameter/ length relation, number of locules, number of fruits per plant and total productivity. The pruning system 1-2-4-N became the most viable system to local pepper farmers because it showed a better plant conduction and hand-labor cost.