Estrutura de um trecho de floresta ombrófila na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Uacari, Amazonas, Brasil

Abstract

The Amazon region has been suffering from inadequate human interference decades, and intensified in the last twenty years, requesting from the society a perspective of socioeconomic recovery more elaborate and consistent, including aspects about the knowledge of its biodiversity. This study aimed to understand the floristic composition and community structure of tree species in an area of tropical rain forest in the community of Pupunha belonging to Sustainable Development Reserve Uacari, Carauari-AM, to assess the timber potential, based on the diameter distribution, basal area (m²/ha) and volume (m³/ha), to add the database of the Secretary of State for the Environment and Sustainable Development of Amazonas - SDS, as well as to use this data to support the development of a future Forest Management Community plan. The sampling was conducted in an area of 275 ha, which was cut by three transects, totaling 4436 m plots were installed in 20 m x 25 m, shape interspersed along these transects. The distance between plots was 50 m, a total of 66 sampling units, equivalent to 3.3 ha of sampled area. Were identified and measured all trees with circumference at 1.30 m above the ground (CAP) 25 cm. The samples were identified by morphology and compared with the available specimens in the Herbarium of the Federal University of Amazonas - HUAM, by consultation with experts and literature. The fertile materials were incorporated into the collection of the Herbarium of the Federal University of Amazonas. Enrolled 3050 individuals belonging to 133 species and 61 families. The families Caesalpiniaceae, Lauraceae and Moraceae were the greater riches, while Chrysobalanaceae and Lecythidaceae had higher densities. Among the species found, stood out in number of individuals, Eschweilera odora and Pouteria guianensis. The diversity index of Shannon Wiener (H') was 3.75 nats/ind. The diameter distribution showed a higher number of individuals in the first three classes, indicating that the forest is young or is under stage of recuperation (secondary forest). The representative volume for all species identified in the survey, from the DAP 7.95 cm, which corresponds to the minimum level of inclusion was 1329.90 m³, which corresponds to 403 m³/ha. Whereas DBH 50 cm, the species of commercial value corresponds to 20.95% of the total volume found in the survey, the equivalent of 84.43 m³/ha.