Análise do consumo específico de lenha nas indústrias gesseiras: a questão florestal e sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento sustentável da Região do Araripe - PE

Abstract

The Gypsum Pole of Araripe in State of Pernambuco is responsible for the production of approximately 95% of plaster consumed in Brazil. The energy matrix of plaster industry is composed of 3% of electric power, 5% of diesel, 8% of oil GMP, 10% of coke and 73% of wood from forest management plans and native vegetation. Of these 73%, only 3% is from sustained forest management plans, configuring that the majority of this material has illegal origin. With the growth of 25% in the gypsum production in the region, the increased devastation of native vegetation tends to grow committing the forest remnants in the region. This work aims to analyse the specific consumption of firewood from the Caatinga in calcination of gypsum to subsidize a planning in forestry policy with balance among the economic, environmental and social processes. The same will serve to infer whether the region under the current conditions supports the growth of the industry of plaster. Also it will be an instrument of management/control command of the actions of environmental agencies in the region. The survey was developed with companies as Assogesso, which is an Association of calcinating of gypsum. The reserch had a stage of weighing and measurement of he wood for the establishing of the relationship with the gypsum produced and a stage of application of questionnaires from companies calcination. It was noted that the type of oven with predominance of use in the region is the "Hot Belly", which consumes on average 0.49 estere meter of wood per tone of gypsum produced. Based on this data, it is estimated that to support the plaster industry are required 22000 hectares of Caatinga per year in sustainable forest management plans with rotation ranging between 10 and 15 years depending on the type of the Caatinga. The native vegetation alone has no conditions to support for plaster industry and that the use of fast growth forests is a real option to supply the demand of the plaster industry. Indirectly, it also reduces the pressure on native vegetation in the region.