Eletrocardiografia pré-operatória em cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco

Abstract

As important as the surgery itself is the preoperative evaluation pointing to assure the success of anaesthesia and minimize risks of complications in the postoperative period. In this context, the preoperative electrocardiogram is very important since certain arrhythmias increases anaesthesical risk. The aim of this research was to evaluate the prevalence and types of electrocardiographic that should be submitted to some surgery and its relation with the surgery recommendation, historical of heart disease, clinical signs of cardiopathy, obesity, age, sex and body size,by clinical and electrocardiographic exams. It was evaluated 474 dogs of different breeds, age and size, and male and female, recommended to different types of surgeries. The electrocardiogram was made using the traditional or computerized methods, were 46% of them presented changes, showing that it is high the changes in preoperative electrocardiogram. Where males were statically more attacked than females (p<0,05), and left ventricular enlargement was the most common feature (24,31%), it was not observed inclination to specifics arrhythmias in the recommended surgeries evaluated. “Mixed breed dogs” (MBD) represented 42,52% of the analyzed sample, and it was significantly (p<0,05) the proportion of obese MBD that presented changes compared to the non-obeses, what lead to conclude the association of high frequency of electrocardiographic changes to the body condition. There was no statistical significant difference to the presence of change in healthy patients led to castration and in ills send to varied surgeries, what make lead us to believe that it is necessary the evaluation independent of surgery indication. MBD that presented historical of heart disease, were the ones that presented more changes(p<0,01) and the same wasn’t observed in the population in general and in Poodles, stressing that this exam must be done even without the historic of heart disease. The same affirmative is truth to the presence of clinical signs of heart disease, according to what checked in the analyzed population (p>0,05). Concerning to the weight it was checked that there is no statistical significant difference between the groups: until 9,9kg (45,1%), 10kg to 20kg (47,8%) and over 20kg (45,3%). The same occur in the analysis of age in accordance with size, highlighting the importance of exam independent of weight and age. In conclusion it is often the electrographical changes in preoperative period, mainly in males, were the left ventricular enlargement is the most common feature and the electrocardiogram must be done as a preoperative exam, independent of age, body size, surgery recommendation, or clinical sign of heart disease, and specially in male dogs, obese MBD and in MBD with historical of cardiopathy aims to minimize the anesthetic risks and cardiovascular complications.