Trauma pélvico em cães: tratamento clínico e cirúrgico

Abstract

Fractures of the pelvis, relatively common in dogs, have recommendation of conservative treatment or surgery and may be accompanied by injuries to vital structures and permanent functional disorders. We aim to evaluate the consequences of pelvic trauma in dogs and the results of treatment (clinical and surgical) through orthopedic, functional and radiographic examinations, (up to 90 days after surgery). We used 20 animals with fracture of the pelvis, where the implementation of a treatment plan, surgical or conservative, was based primarily on the type of fracture, extent of injuries and availability of resources. In 80% of the cases (16 animals) was bilateral pelvic fracture; 85% of the animals showed iliac fracture; 40% there was ischiatic fracture and 35% showed fracture of the pubis, and observed several concurrent disorders such as skin lesions (50%); dyschesia (33%), death (25%); limb fracture (16%); perforation of the colon, rupture of the urinary tract or fracture of column (10%); diaphragmatic hernia head trauma (5 %). In patients who underwent surgery there was recovery of ambulation, previously showing full recovery of orthopedic function after 90 days in all of them. This result was not repeated in patients with conservative treatment, being observed persistent limping after 90 days. The surgical stabilization of bone segments provided clear reduction of pain after seven days, raising the quality of life and reducing the need for nursing, while 5/9 (55%) of the animals that were not operated on died, two showed persistent limping until ninety days of initial care and the other two had to be operated to correct complications (constipation and neuropraxia) as a result of the lack of previous surgical correction. The results indicate that in dogs with pelvic trauma surgical resolution should be sought primarily and the presence of other concomitant organic disabling injuries or with the potential to lead to death should be verified.