Penelope superciliaris e Penelope jacucaca (Aves: Cracidae) : conservação e etnoornitologia em uma unidade de conservação

Abstract

This study was conducted at Araripe National Forest (FLONA) and communities that live around this Conservation Unit. Aimed to estimate the parameters of population density, abundance and population size of Penelope superciliaris in areas of the National Forest, and describe the main food items that make up the diet of this species, morphologically describing the fruits that are part of their diet and to investigate how it gives the relations of hunting and gathering eggs for Penelope superciliaris and Penelope jacucaca by human communities that inhabit that region, clarifying what techniques, tools, and places the period used in these practices. The study was conducted between november 2011 and may 2013. We used line transect methods to estimate population parameters, and visual records and collection of stool samples to study the feeding ecology. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with informants through a questionnaire and a board with pictures of the species. Was recorded a density of 19.17 individuals/km2 with a CV = 13.98% and an abundance 0.13 encontros/10 km. It was also recorded the use of 14 species of plants, 12 were detected by visual records and by two stool samples. The diameter of the fruits consumed ranged from 6.3 ± 1.35 mm (Miconia albicans) to 29.9 ± 1.7 mm (Psidium sp.). Species with yellow fruit were the most consumed (n = 5, 41.6%), followed by black fruits, green and red (n = 2, 16.6%) each. The fleshy fruits like bacóide (n = 6, 50%) and drupóide (n = 4, 33.3%) were the most consumed. P. superciliaris had the highest use value (VU = 0.89) compared to P. jacucaca (VU = .15). Was identified two main uses for the species studied, the meat used for food (57.9%) and egg collection to the creation of offspring (47.36%). The months of january, june, july and november 4 citations obtained as the best times to hunt guan and december was the most cited (6 catations). All respondents cited the intervals of time (5h – 6h) and (17h - 18h) as the most suitable for hunting White-browed guan and Rusty-margined guan. We also identified four instruments for hunting these species. The rifle “espingarda” was the most cited (68.42%), followed by hunting with dogs (21%). The two other instruments, trap and “baladeira”, obtained (5.26%) citations each. Data on population parameters, diet and use of P. superciliaris and P. jacucaca, information associated with the hunting techniques, schedules, time of year and locations, provide possibilities for creating strategies for management and conservation, which can be used by environmental agencies to develop conservation actions involving these two species.