Caracterização química, toxicológica e atividades farmacológicas do extrato das raízes de Solanum paniculatum L.

Abstract

Solanaceae family that belongs to Solanales order and makes up of the largest groups among the angiosperm plants and dicotiledoneas, among the most studied of the Solanum genus highlight Solanum paniculatum L. species for its wide distribution and its various medicinal uses. The aim of this study was to determine chemical, toxicological and pharmacological parameters of Solanum paniculatum roots for its quality control. S. paniculatum has affinity for soils rich in calcium and have a positive correlation with the absorption of Ca+2 to Fe+3 ions, Na+ and K+ and negative with Zn+2 and Mg+2. The roots showed a nutritional potential with carbohydrate (47.46 g / 100g), fibers (37.28 g / 100 g) and Ca+2 (92%). In high-performance liquid chromatography analysis chlorogenic acid was found and defined like a chemical marker and methodology for its analysis was validate. In thermal degradation profile by TG/DTA the extract was characterized in thirteen steps with endothermic and exothermic events, was showed extract's ability to prolong the stability of soybean oil at 6.55 ± 0.05 hours front accelerated thermo-oxidation. Using experimental design was possible to increase phenolic compounds extraction by maceration, ultrasound and microwave techniques. In acute and subchronic toxicological test the extract did not show significant adverse effects on hematological, biochemical and anatomical and histopathological parameters. In pharmacological research the extract showed antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms, anti-diarrheal activity to reduce the intestinal fluid accumulation (26.7%), decrease diarrhea (50%) and reduce intestinal transit (44.1% ), with loperamide similar results. The extract showed anti-inflammatory activity, probably by acting on the release of vasoactive amines, reduce leukocyte migration, minimize edema and vascular permeability, reduce TNF-α levels. Therefore, this study has contributed with Solanum paniculatum L.'s quality control and pharmacotoxicology.