Caracterização de solos ao longo de uma litossequência no oeste do Pará, Amazônia Oriental

Abstract

The Amazon soils are characterized by degree large of the pedogenetic evolution, reflection weathering of the large about the parent material, for this represent a key factor in soils formation. The aim of this research was to characterize the genesis, chemistry, mineralogicall, profile five of the soils and of the lithosequence along Cuiaba-Santarem highway – (BR 163) in West Para, State). The lithosequense, comprise the profile five of soils formed starting for weathered for five parental materials (Granite, Andesite, Shale, Diabase, Sediments of the Alter do Chão Formation). The profiles were described morphologically and classified according to Brazilian Soil Classification System. The profile were the following: profile 1- Yellow Ultisol distrophic, developed starting of Granite; profile 2 - Yellow Oxisol distroferric, developed starting of Andesite; profile 3 - Yellow Oxisol distrophic, developed starting of Shale; profile 4 - Red Alfisol distroferric, developed starting of Diabase; and profile 5 -Yellow Oxisol distrocohesiv, developed starting of sediments Alter do Chão Formation. It was observed large level of the clay in all profiles, mainly, in the profile 5 that account for more than 90%. In function of the material parental It was observed cohesive character occurrence in profile 5. Furthermore, the profile 2 and 4 presented large contents of the Fe. It was observed in all profiles, a mineralogical composition for clay fraction uniform kaolinite with predominance. The micronutrients Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni and Fe, showed tendency of decreasing with depth, except the iron for the profile 4. The P-rem values are large surface horizon, with tendency of decreasing with depth. It was observed in profiles, a mineralogical composition simple, with less reserve the nutrients in reflection the terms degree weathering of the large country chemistry