Caracterização de frutos de genótipos de cirigueleiras (Spondias purpurea L.)

Abstract

Faced with the need to develop studies with fruit native to Brazil, the aim of this research was to determine the physical and physic chemical characteristics of red mombin fruits from 11 genotypes cultivate in the Active Germplasm Bank of the IPA (Institute of Agronomic Pernambuco) and evaluate the antioxidant capacity. Mature fruits were used for the following determinations: weight, longitudinal and transverse diameter, pulp yield, ascorbic acid, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), total titrable acidity (TTA), total soluble carbohydrate and total carotenoids. Extracts obtained by sequential extraction using methanol (80%) and acetone (80%) were used to measure the total phenolics and antioxidant activity by using DPPH• (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrilhidrazina) and ABTS•+ (2, 2‟-azino-bis-(3- etilbenzotiazolina-6- sulfonic acid) radicals. With respect to the physical characteristics, there was no wide variation among genotypes, however, genotypes IPA-1 and IPA-2 genotypes was stood out from others because they showed the percentage of pulp yield close to 80%. With respect to chemical characteristics, the results showed that IPA-1 genotype exhibited the highest acid ascorbic content (32.88 mg.100g-1 pulp) and the IPA-7 genotype, the highest concentration of total carotenoids expressed as β- carotene (22.63 μg.g-1 pulp). The highest levels of TSS and TTA were presented respectively by IPA-9 and IPA-10 genotypes, respectively; the IPA-4 genotype had the highest TSS/TTA, while the IPA-6 genotype stood out from others with higher content of total soluble carbohydrates (32.78% expressed as glucose). The total phenolic content of the extract obtained from the IPA-10 genotype differed significantly from the others since it presented the highest level of this phytochemical (862,31 mg EAG.100g-1 pulp). The fruit extracts of all genotypes showed strong scavenging capacity of DPPH●. The antioxidant extract of the IPA-10 genotype fruits (6.633, 87 μM TEAC.g-1) with respect to ABTS•+ radical was statistically high to the other genotypes, however, they still showed appreciable antioxidant activity. Therefore, the consumption of red mombin fruit is a natural alternative antioxidant intake, providing health benefits.