Análise social e econômica dos assentamentos rurais do município de Areia-PB

Abstract

Starting from the rescue of peasant struggle for field and for the life on the fields, this work is to analyze the social and economic performance of rural settlements of agrarian reform of responsibility of the INCRA of the municipality of Areia, in Paraiba swamp region. The aim of this analysis is to verify if the peasantry that currently reproduces itself in the town makes that autonomously. Autonomy portrayed here is not related to the independence of the markets, or any other institution, nor the rupture with the exploitative relations of capitalist system, but according to a concept set by Campos (2006), based on some key points as: own identity, allowing self reproduction through their own leadership; extensive knowledge about the origin of all the problems currently present in the settlement; break with the world itself, seeking equal participation and; capacity to fight any kind of policy that could jeopardize the peasant livelihood. Faced with the impossibility of a thorough study, dissociated from the historical context in which the settlements are inserted, it became necessary to analyze the production process, evolution and current configuration of the agrarian space of the municipality of Areia. For this, some theoretical and methodological procedures were used, such as: literature review, collection of secondary data, field research, organization of the database, graphic elaboration through the Microsoft Excel program, and the analysis of results, for which used descriptive statistics. With the results, it was observed a change in the agrarian structure of the municipality of sand over time and it was concluded that the creation of settlements in the city contributed to a restructuring of the agricultural space and for keeping people in the field. The most visible and most significant changes were the reduction of the land concentration, replacing the hitherto predominant monoculture for polyculture of food, and the implementation of public policies to fulfill the basic needs of the settled population. From these, several other changes were emerging. Facing the challenges still present in the settlements, it was possible to verify that the peasantry that reproduces itself in the municipality does that autonomously, because regardless of the performance of mediating agents, peasants/settlers have sought and reached more dignified conditions of life. In this sense, the settlements can be evaluated as socially produced space, checking the non-occurrence of classical orthodox theories, according to which the peasantry would tend to disappear. Rather, the peasantry reproduces itself expressly, as noted in heterodox theory.