Metabolismo antioxidativo e atividade biológica de látex de mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes)

Abstract

Mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is a fruit tree found in various regions of Brazil. It features a large adaptive plasticity and is exposed to different environmental conditions that may confer abiotic stress induced by several factors, influencing the composition and production of secondary metabolites of the plant, including latex.The protein metabolites (oxidases and proteases) present in the latex, can act as a defense mechanism, which involves ranging from environmental fluctuations to attacks by pathogens and predators. The secondary metabolites in plants are related to most of these therapeutic properties, making them a great source of drugs which have shown an incredible healing power in its natural state or as a source of new antimicrobial agents. The proteases are a class of enzymes which represent about 60% of the world market for enzymes. Proteases originating from plants have particular significance for medicine and industry, as exhibit activity in a wide range of temperature and pH. Proteases are one of the major ingredients of a wide variety of detergents from those used for household cleaning, even those used for cleaning contact lenses and dentures. Being that the majority of these proteases is used in formulations of powder detergents, accounting for around 25% of the total market of enzymes. Most of the production costs for a biological product is in the purification strategy. The aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) play a strategic role because the two phases are formed mainly (60-95%) by water which minimizes the possibility of denaturation and loss of biological activity, providing an effective and economically viable alternative to new bioprocesses. This study aimed to evaluate in vivo biochemical responses of three lattices access (PE, PB and RN) of mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) compared to water deficit due to rainfall variation, but also evaluate the biotechnological potential of latex of this specie. The latex of mangaba tree was collected in Experimental Station José Irineu Cabral, unit belonging to the State Company for Agricultural Research of Paraíba SA (EMEPA-PB) located in João Pessoa (PB), through incisions in the stem with cutting stainless steel material and subsequently stored under refrigeration at -20 °C until analysis. The activity of SOD, APX, CAT, PPO enzymes and the content of H2O2 was determined. For evaluation of antimicrobial activity, we created a standard solution of latex mangaba tree protected under BR 102013018181-1 (Patent Registration Request) number nine strains of bacteria were used: Escherichia coli (UFPEDA 224), Staphylococcus aureus (02 UFPEDA), Klebsiella pneumoniae (UFPEDA 396), Candida albicans (UFPEDA 1007), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (UFPEDA 416), Micrococcus luteus, Enterococcus faecalis (UFPEDA 138), Bacillus subtilis (UFPEDA 86) and Staphylococcus aureus (32) (isolated from goat mastitis ) and twenty-eight isolates of Staphylococcus, with fourteen causes of cattle mastitis and the other fourteen isolates causing goat mastitis that were kept in test tubes containing Mueller-Hinton broth for 24 hours at 37 º C for subsequent inoculation on plates Petri. We evaluated the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). For the pre-purification and characterization of proteases of mangabeira latex was used ATPS (PEG-phosphate). Subsequently, we evaluated the compatibility and stability of the crude extract and pre-purified with commercial detergents. From the results obtained, highlights the potential use of latex for understanding the antioxidant metabolism of plants mangaba tree subjected to conditions of oxidative stress, but also to obtain products for industrial purposes, allowing the strengthening of veterinary and chemical poles at the regional and nationally.