Qualidade do solo de uma microbacia do Rio Una (Aliança) - BA sob diferentes usos da terra

Abstract

The withdrawal of the natural vegetation in order to implement an agriculturist system provokes a disequilibrium in the ground; if the process of adding organic substances is inferior to the decomposition process, this system won’t be able to reach its balance again, provoking the ground degradation. This study had as objective evaluate changes in the chemical and physical characteristics of the ground and in the total organic carbon level of a ground that has experienced different systems of use: 1 - remainder of Mata Atlântica, 2 - cacao (Theobroma cacao), and 3- pasture (Brachiaria decumbens). For each use, samples were collected, in the depths of 0 - 10 and 10 - 20 cm. The chemical and physical analyses had been proceeded, and the determination of the total organic carbon, nitrogen and match in the ground. The substitution of the natural vegetation for the cacao and pasture systems caused changes in the level of clay in the layer of 0 – 10 cm and in the levels of clay and silte in the second layer 10 – 20 cm. To the chemical characteristics evaluated (0-10 cm), it was observed that the levels of Ca+2, Mg+2 and P were higher, and in the cacao system, while the pasture showed higher pH andlevels of K+ and lower CTC. The attributes Al+3 and m decreased and V increased for the two uses of the ground. In the second layer 10-20 cm the cacao and pasture systems showed changes just related to the level of Ca+2, and for the cacao system, higher P level. The different systems of ground use didn’t cause changes in the level of TOC and N of the ground. In the first layer, it was possible to find good correlations between physical characteristics and bush TOC. The TOC and chemical attributes inthe second layer showed significant correlations just for the pasture area