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Monitoramento nutricional da dieta de pequenos ruminantes utilizando espectroscopia da reflectância do infravermelho próximo (NIRS) no sertão de Pernambuco

Fri, 26 Feb 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Monitoramento nutricional da dieta de pequenos ruminantes utilizando espectroscopia da reflectância do infravermelho próximo (NIRS) no sertão de Pernambuco Autor: MACIEL, Michel do Vale Primeiro orientador: BATISTA, Ângela Maria Vieira Abstract: The objective was to monitor the nutritional value of small ruminant diet using spectroscopic reflectance near-infrared (NIRS) and characterize grazing Caatinga. The survey was conducted from january to december 2014, at the Estação Experimental in Sertânia, belonging to Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco –IPA, in the municipality of Sertânia, Pernambuco (PE), in an area of 37 hectares of Caatinga. In the experimental area, seven parallel transects strokes. They were marked in each transect evaluation points every 20 meters, totaling 136 points of evaluation of botanical composition, availability of strata and taking samples for chemical composition. To determine the nutritional value of the diet, it was used five sheep and six goats, all with permanent fistula in the rumen and average weight of 32,35 + 2,37 and 32,68 + 1,14 kg, respectively. The animals were loose in the pasture 7:00 hours and 17:00 hours collected, received mineral salt and water ad libitum for five consecutive days each month of collection. The total production of feces was obitida by total collection utilizandos bags adapted to animals. The dry matter intake was obtained by the inverse calculation of digestibility: Consumption (kg DM / day) = fecal production / (1-digestibility). The CMS was calculated from other inputs MO, MM, FDN and FDA by multiplying the amount of dry matter consumed by the percentage of each nutrient extrusa. To obtain spectra of the samples was used FOSS 5000 Nirsystem II machine using ISIScan® software. Foss 5000, with reading in a range from 1100 to 2500 nm in the near infrared region, with 2 nm spectral range. Were scanned in all fecal samples 660, 360 with respect faeces of 300 goats and ovine species for obtaining the spectra. They were calibrated prediction equations for a Global Model (goats and sheep in different seasons) model using composite samples, separating species (goats and sheep), separating the seasons (rain, trasição dry rain, drought and trasição dry rain) and separating species insides of seasons (dry and wet). The near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) provides good accuracy to determine the composition of PB and DIVMO the lies of small ruminant grazing in the Caatinga. The floristic composition of the Caatinga has large amounts of plant species, mostly endemic plants. The availability of biomass and chemical composition vary directly by the presence or absence of rain and decreasing or increasing the disponibinilidade and the chemical composition of all strata. In vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro digestibility of organic matter to lay the sheep are larger than the goat when grazing in the Caatinga, in the months of highest incidence rainfall and are influenced by the absence of rain, the sheep, there is more variation throughout the year than the goat. The protein content of the diet of sheep and goats grazing in the Caatinga are above the minimum, described for these species, with much of this nitrogen connected to fiber. The use of a global model for both species, in different seasons (rain, TCS, Drought and TSC) is considered feasible to predict the diet of small ruminants in the Caatinga due to greater robustness of the model. The fecal NIRS technology proved to be a great alternative to partial substitution of fistulated animals in sample collection, since the calibration is done correctly. Even in heterogeneous environments such as Caatinga, the NIR has proven effective, with the limit of its use sampling in the calibration. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese

Utilização da palma forrageira orelha de elefante mexicana (Opuntia stricta Haw.) na alimentação de ruminantes

Wed, 28 Feb 2018 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Utilização da palma forrageira orelha de elefante mexicana (Opuntia stricta Haw.) na alimentação de ruminantes Autor: REZENDE, Fábio Monteiro de Primeiro orientador: VÉRAS, Antonia Sherlânea Chaves Abstract: This project was divided in two experiments; the first one was to evaluate the inclusion of Orelha de Elefante Mexicana spineless cactus (Opuntia stricta Haw) in the diet of Holstein heifers regarding consumption, digestibility, ingestive behavior and performance. The second one had the objective of evaluating the substitution of sorghum silage by the Orelha de Elefante Mexicana spineless cactus in the diet of crossbred sheep in terms of consumption, digestibility, ingestive behavior and nitrogen balance. Twenty heifers of the Holstein breed with initial mean weight of 249.1 kg ± 34.2 kg were randomly arranged using the initial weight (PI) as co-variable for the experiment with heifers and five male cannulated in the rumen sheep with initial mean weight of 52.9 ± 6.0 kg that were arranged in 5x5 Latin square for the second experiment. Dry matter intake (CMS) was higher than expected, and was not influenced by substitution. Protein (CPB) and non-fibrous carbohydrate (CCNF) intakes increased with inclusion as the consumption of neutral detergent fiber (CFDN) decreased. The ingestive behavior was not influenced by the inclusion of spineless cactus in order of sugarcane, as well as the performance measured by body measurements. This behavior suggests that the fact that sugarcane presents low NDF content (38.5%) made possible a high consumption of DM, and consequently high weight gains. For the replacement of sorghum silage by the OEM palm, the dry matter intake (CMS), organic matter (CMO), non-fibrous carbohydrates (CCNF) and total digestible nutrients (CNDT), MS, and CNF digestibility increased with the replacement of sorghum silage by the OEM palm, as the consumption of neutral detergent fiber (CFND) decreased as expected. The ingestive behavior was influenced by the evaluated substitution, presenting a decrease in feeding and rumination times, and consequently an increase in leisure time. The chewing and rumination efficiencies of DM also increased with substitution. The nitrogen balance was not influenced by the substitution of sorghum silage by the OEM palm, which can be explained by the fact that CPB and DPB did not change. The low retention of nitrogen can be explained by the fact that the animals used have already reached maturity. It is possible to conclude that it is possible to use OEM palm on low-NDF sugarcane diets for Holstein heifers, with the criterion being the cost of the ingredients as well as the substitution of sorghum silage for the Orelha de Elefante Mexicana palm for sheep. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese

Efeito continuado de simbiótico em dietas para poedeiras da fase de cria à produção

Fri, 31 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Efeito continuado de simbiótico em dietas para poedeiras da fase de cria à produção Autor: SOARES, Elayne de Souza Rocha Primeiro orientador: RABELLO, Carlos Bôa-Viagem Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of symbiotic supplementation in diets for laying hens at peak laying compared to the use of zinc bacitracin antibiotic on productive performance, egg quality, hematology and serum biochemistry, nutrient digestibility and intestinal histomorphology. A total of 384 Dekalb White laying hens, aged 1 to 45 weeks, were distributed in a completely randomized design, in 6 treatments, containing 8 replications of 8 laying hens each. The treatments consisted of a diet composed of corn and soybean meal and without additives (RR); a diet composed of corn, soybean meal and meat and bone meal without additives (FCO); an FCO diet supplemented with 0.05% Zinc Bacitracin (BacZn); and, a FCO diet supplemented with 0.1% of symbiotic additive with consumption starting in the rearing, rearing and laying phases, originating the Simb-C treatment (diet with symbiotic since the first day of life; the Simb-R treatment ( diet from the rearing phase); and, the Simb-P treatment (diet containing symbiotic in the laying phase. From the 26th to the 45th week, data on productive performance and egg quality were collected. excreta collections in order to evaluate the digestibility of nutrients; Blood samples were collected at the 44th week of age for the evaluation of hematology parameters and serum biochemistry and, at the end of the 45th week of life, organs were weighed and portions of the duodenum and jejunum in order to evaluate the histomorphology of the tissues. The averages of the results obtained were compared by orthogonal contrasts (P≤0.05), being RR x FCO, FCO x BacZn, BacZn x Simb-C, BacZn x Simb-R and BacZn x Simb-P Regarding the productive performance, the Simb-R treatment provided higher egg mass and feed conversion when compared to the BacZn treatment; Data regarding the quality and composition of the eggs state that the treatments corresponding to the inclusion of the symbiotic provided eggs with a lower percentage of yolk and a higher percentage of albumen when contrasted with the antibiotic, regardless of the time of use. Analyzing the nutrient digestibility data and intestinal morphology, the symbiotic additive obtained lower results for CMAMS, CMAPB, CMAEB, EMA and EMAn when compared to zinc bacitracin; while it provided better characteristics (villus height, crypt depth, villus:crypt ratio and villus area) to the intestinal epithelium of laying hens regardless of the inclusion phase. Therefore, it is concluded that the symbiotic additive provides good productive performance, especially when used in the rearing phase; ensures the production of eggs with good quality and composition; maintains the integrity of the intestinal epithelium and provides good histomorphological characteristics regardless of the time of use. It is a potential substitute for Zinc Bacitracin, ensuring healthy laying hens and good animal performance. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese

Gérmen integral de milho extra gordo como alternativa Lipídica para vacas em lactação

Tue, 28 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Gérmen integral de milho extra gordo como alternativa Lipídica para vacas em lactação Autor: SILVA, Camila Sousa da Primeiro orientador: FERREIRA, Marcelo de Andrade Abstract: Alternative lipid sources have been studied to improve performance and the fatty acid profile of milk fat in ruminants. Full-fat corn germ (FFCG) is pointed out as a potential lipid ingredient to improve performance and manipulate the fatty acid profile of milk from dairy cows. However, its effects are dependent on forage sources included in the diet. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing corn with FFCG in diets containing forage cactus and sugarcane bagasse on performance, nutrient intake and digestibility, nitrogen balance, milk composition, and milk fatty acid profile of crossbred cows. It was hypothesized that replacing corn with FFCG in a basal diet containing forage cactus and sugarcane bagasse would promote productivity gains and enrich milk with CLA and other health-beneficial fatty acids beneficial without negative effects on nutrient intake and digestion. The experiment involved 10 multiparous Girolando cows (5/8 Holstein x 3/8 Gir), with an initial live weight of 500 ± 66 kg and lactation period of 90 ± 15 days. The cows were pre-adapted to the experimental conditions for 15 days and then distributed in two 5 x 5 Latin Squares. Each experimental period was composed of 21 days (14 days for adaptation to the experimental diets and 07 for data and sample collection), totalizing 105 days of experiment. The diets were formulated with “Orelha de Elefante Mexicana” cladodes, sugarcane bagasse and concentrate, in which corn was progressively replaced with FFCG (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of substitution). The following variables were analyzed: nutrient intake and digestibility, milk production and composition, nitrogen balance, and milk fatty acid profile. Full-fat corn germ improved (P < 0.05) milk production and synthesis of fat, lactose, and total solids in milk. Replacing corn with FFCG quadratically increased (P < 0.05) the intake of dry matter, crude protein, and total digestible nutrients, and linearly reduced (P < 0.05) the intake of total non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC). Except for ether extract and NFC, FFCG did not alter (P > 0.05) nutrient digestibility. Adding FFCG to the diets reduced (P < 0.05) excretion of urea-N in milk and N excretion via urine. Furthermore, the substitution of corn for FFCG reduced (linearly or quadratically) the concentration of £C16 saturated fatty acids (FA, g/100 g of total FA), odd branched-chain FA, and C18:3 n-3 (as well as other n-3 FA) in milk fat. In contrast, there was a linear or quadratic increase in the proportion of long-chain fatty acids (³ C18), isomers of cis/trans C18:1 (except cis-11 C18:1), CLA isomers (especially cis-9, trans-11 CLA), C18:2 n-6 and other n-6 FA. These changes resulted in reduction in saturated FAs, an increase in mono- and polyunsaturated FAs (quadratic and linear effect, respectively), and a linear increase in the trans C18:1/C18:0, trans-11 C18:1/C18:0, and n-6:n-3 ratios. In addition, activity indices of the SCD-1 enzyme were reduced either linearly (SCD14, SCD16, and SCDCLA) or quadratically (SCD18) by increasing levels of FFCG in the diet. The results obtained indicate that substitution of corn by FFCG (up to 63.5%) can be a nutritional strategy to improve the production efficiency and fatty acid profile of milk fat from crossbred cows fed cactus cladodes. The use of sugarcane bagasse circumvents the deleterious effects of FFCG associated with milk fat depression. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese