TEDE Coleção:
http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4382
2023-01-31T13:09:49ZSubstituição de silagem de milho por palma orelha de elefante mexicana para vacas em lactação
http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/8417
Título: Substituição de silagem de milho por palma orelha de elefante mexicana para vacas em lactação
Autor: MORAES, Gláucia Sabrine de Oliveira
Primeiro orientador: FERREIRA, Marcelo de Andrade
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effect of replacing corn silage with cactus Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. cladodes (cactos Opuntia) (0, 18.5, 37.0, and 55.5%, on a DM basis) in the diets for lactating dairy cows. Twelve Holstein cows (20 ± 2.7 kg/day milk, 530 ± 35 kg of body weight, 12 week in milking) were distributed in three (4 × 4) Latin squares. The experiment consisted of four periods, each lasting 21 days, the first 14 days for adaptation to diets and seven to and data samples collection. There was an increase in the intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), non-fibrous carbohydrates (CNF) and net energy for lactation (NLl) with replacement. Crude protein intake and digestibility of DM, OM, PB, CNF and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were not altered by replacement. The spent time in feeding and ruminating diminished linearly with the replacement of corn silage by cactus cladodes. The idleness and efficiency of feed and rumination related to DM increased linearly. Considering the efficiency of feed and rumination related to NDF were not altered. Fat corrected milk yield (FCMY) at 3.5% increased linearly with replacement. The levels of fat, protein, lactose and total milk solids remained unchanged. There was a linear decrease in the excretion of urea nitrogen in the urine and in the concentration of urea nitrogen in milk. There was linearly increased the concentration of the saturated fatty acids C5:0, C8:0, C9:0, C10:0, C11:0, C12:0, C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C17:0. The acids C18:0, C20:0, C21:0, C22:0 and C24:0 were linearly decrease. The oleic acid (C18:1 cis9) decreased linearly, whereas CLA trans10 cis12 acid showed quadratic effect. The CLA isomers (cis9 trans11 and trans9 cis11) were not altered by substitution, as were stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) enzyme activity indexes. The sum of the concentration of long chain fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) decreased linearly with substitution. While the total of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and ω-6 increased linearly. The total of the short chain, medium chain, CLA and ω-3 fatty acids were not altered by the substitution of corn silage for the cactus cladodes. The nutritional quality indexes of milk fat (AI), thrombogenicity (TI) and the ω-6:ω-3 ratio increased linearly with the replacement of corn silage by cactus cladodes. The hypo: hypercholesteronic (h / H) index decreased. We recommend a diet composed of 366.0 g/kg DM of cactus Opuntia 290.0 g/kg DM of corn silage and 344.0 g/kg DM of concentrate for dairy cows with average yield of 23kg / day.
Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
Tipo do documento: Tese2019-07-26T00:00:00ZEstratégias de fornecimento de dietas à base de palma forrageira para vacas leiteiras
http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/8416
Título: Estratégias de fornecimento de dietas à base de palma forrageira para vacas leiteiras
Autor: SANTOS, Diego Amorim dos
Primeiro orientador: FERREIRA, Marcelo de Andrade
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different feeding strategies of diets based on cactus cladodes on feed intake, milk yeild and composition, nitrogen balance, microbial protein synthesis and ingestive behavior of Girolando lactating cows. Eight cows at 96.5 ± 7.6 days of lactation with average milk yield of 12.2 ± 0.26 kg day-1 were arranged in two Latin squares (4x4), balanced for residual effects, and fed a diet composed of cactus cladodes, sugarcane and concentrate. The four feeding strategies tested were: total mixed ration (TMR) cactus cladodes associated with concentrate and separated sugarcane (CC+Con/SC) and sugarcane associated with concentrate and separated cactus cladodes. (SC+Con/CC). The diet was formulated to meet the nutritional requirements of cows producing 13 kg day-1 of 4% fat corrected milk. Dry matter (DM, 13.31 ± 0.28 kg day-1), organic matter (OM, 12.27 ± 26 kg day-1), crude protein (CP, 98 ± 0.05 kg day-1), neutral detergent fiber (NDF, 4.48 ± 0.10 kg day-1), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC, 6.03 ± 0.20 kg day-1) and total digestible
nutrients (TDN, 9.29 ± 0.50 kg day-1). The digestibility of DM (676.76 ± 30.6 g kg-1), OM (704.4 ± 28.4 g kg-1), CP (699.45 ± 49.3 g kg-1), NDF (532.25 ± 58.3 g kg -1) and NFC (854.87 ± 31.6 g kg -1) were not altered by the strategies tested. The different strategies did not influence milk yeild (12.22 ± 0.26 kg d-1), 4% fat corrected milk (13.5 ± 0.34 kg d-1), milk protein (38.97 ± 0.05 g kg-1), milk fat (47.12 ± 0.11 g kg-1), lactosis (42.7 ± 0.03 g kg -1), casein (13.27 ± 0.15 g kg-1), total solids (138.27 ± 0.15 g kg-1) and urea (10.87 ± 1.33 mg dL-1). The nitrogen balance (207.45 ± 9.82 g day-1), microbial protein synthesis (1071 ± 116 g day-1) and microbial protein synthesis efficiency (119.20 ± 2.82 g kg TDN-1) did not change between strategies. The time spent in feeding activities (274.06 ± 8.5 minutes day-1), rumination (435.31 ± 27.64 minutes day-1) and idle time (730.60 ± 35.48 minutes day-1) were not influenced by the different strategies. Animals fed with SC+Con/CC spent more time in feeding at the afternoon (12:00 h to 18:00 h). The MC, as well as the other tested strategies, are options for feeding cactus cladodes based diets without dairy cows impairment performance. The different feeding strategies did not modify the ingestive behavior of the Girolando cows fed with cactus cladodes diet.
Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
Tipo do documento: Tese2019-07-25T00:00:00ZComportamento e caracterização de clones de palma forrageira sob diferentes condições de cultivo
http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/8415
Título: Comportamento e caracterização de clones de palma forrageira sob diferentes condições de cultivo
Autor: SILVA, Paulo Sérgio Ferreira da
Primeiro orientador: SANTOS, Mércia Virginia Ferreira dos
Abstract: The use of fodder cactus forage in the Brazilian Northeast supplies most of the food and water needs of ruminant herds, especially during critical periods of the year. However, the occurrence of pests, especially carmine cochineal (Dactylopius opuntiae Cockerell 1929) and scales (Diaspis echinocacti Bouché 1833) can compromise the production of the plant. The objective was to evaluate morphological and productive characteristics, as well as the incidence of cochineals in forage palm clones cultivated in the conditions of “Agreste” (São Bento do Una) and “Sertão” Pernambucano (Arcoverde) as well as in conditions of greenhouse. Six clones were assessed: “IPA-20”, “F8”, “F21”, "Miúda", "IPA Sertânia" and "Orelha de elefante mexicana". The plants, in a greenhouse, were cultivated in pots during the 360-days period in randomized block delineation. In the field, the genotypes were randomized in blocks, with three repetitions, and two biennial harvests were performed in 2015 and 2017, preserving the primary articles. Plant height and width; number of cladodes; length, width and thickness of cladodes; index of cladodium area; fodder production and plant stand were evaluated. The incidence of cochineals was evaluated from scales of notes ranging from 0 to 5, in which the lowest score (0) represented absence of the insect in the plant and the highest (5), represented presence in all cladodes of the plant with high infestation (>75%). In a greenhouse, the average height observed of the six clones evaluated was 48.94 cm. The "IPA-20" clone had higher values for length and thickness, with 26.70 cm and 13.80 mm, respectively, while the "Orelha de elefante mexicana" clone had values of 14.72 cm in length and 7.93 mm in thickness as lower results. The "Miúda" clone stood out with the highest number of cladodes (2.5 cladodes per plant) and the number of cladode orders, reaching up to 1.25 third order cladodes per plant. Scale cochineal infestation occurred, especially in the "Orelha de elefante mexicana" clone, while the "IPA-20" clone did not suffer any degree of infestation. The "Orelha de elefante mexicana" clone showed the highest value for dry matter production, with 132.88 g/vaso, followed by "F8" and "IPA-20" clones, with 125.16 and 116.60 g/vaso each. Regarding the field experiment, the "IPA-20" clone was the highest in both locations (84.5 and 132.2 cm for Arcoverde and São Bento do Una, respectively). In Arcoverde, the clone "F21" presented a higher number of cladodes, with 55.0 cladodes/plant in the first harvest. In São Bento do Una, the "Miúda" clone had the highest number of total cladodes, with 65.7 cladodes/plant in the first harvest. The first harvest had a higher production of dry matter in both locations, especially in São Bento do Una, which had a production of 19.2 t and MS/ha. There was a higher incidence of carmine cochineal in the "IPA-20" clone, with infestation notes close to 4, in both sites. Scales cochineal in Arcoverde showed higher infestation in the clones "IPA Sertânia" and "Orelha de elefante mexicana", in São Bento do Una, there was a high infestation, especially in the clone "Orelha de elefante mexicana" with a score close to 4. The clone "F21" had mortality of 93% in Arcoverde, while in São Bento do Una the clone "F8" had the highest mortality, with 43%. In greenhouse conditions, the palm clones did not present variability regarding the morphological and productive characteristics evaluated. In the greenhouse, all palm clones were infested by scales cochineal, with the exception of the "IPA-20" clone. In the field conditions, the "Mexican elephant ear" clone is superior in terms of morphological and productive characteristics. The clones "F21", "F8" and " Miúda" present difficulties of establishment, independently of the place of culture, with high mortality and reduction of performance. The first harvest (2015) had higher productivity, regardless of the place of cultivation. The "Orelha de elefante mexicana" clone is more susceptible to scale cochineal, while the IPA-20 clone is vulnerable to carmine. Scale cochineal levels of infestation are most significant in São Bento do Una, with such a pest occurring in all clones.
Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
Tipo do documento: Tese2019-07-01T00:00:00ZAnatomia e valor nutritivo de genótipos de capim-elefante de diferentes portes sob irrigação
http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/8414
Título: Anatomia e valor nutritivo de genótipos de capim-elefante de diferentes portes sob irrigação
Autor: SOUZA, Rayanne Thalita de Almeida
Primeiro orientador: SANTOS, Mércia Virginia Ferreira dos
Abstract: Environmental and management factors affect throughout the plant development period the anatomical and nutritive characteristics of forage. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of elephant grass genotypes of different size associated with the presence and absence of irrigation, in the dry and rainy season on the nutritive value, in vitro gas production and anatomical aspects in the leaf blade and stem. The experiment was carried in Garanhuns/Pernambuco, during the years 2017 and 2018. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with split plot scheme. The main plots consisted in the presence or absence of irrigation and the subplots four genotypes of elephant grass (Mott, Taiwan A-146 2.37, Elefante B e IRI-381). Plant samples were taken in the rainy (August) and dry season (December). Chemical bromatological analyzes, in vitro digestibility of dry matter, in vitro gas production and anatomical analyzes were performed on leaf blades and stems. In the leaf blades was showed that Mott expressed significantly lesser NDF (588.98 g kg-1 DM) (P ≤ 0.05) than Taiwan A-146 2.37 (598. 22 g kg-1 DM) and the high-size genotypes (668.26 g kg-1 DM) did not differ from each other. In the presence of irrigation there was a significant effect (P ≤ 0.05) only in the dry season with greater deposition of fibrous components in the leaf blades. In the stems, there was a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in the non-irrigated treatment with greatee NDF (709.16 g kg-1 DM) and lower IVDMD (377.94 g kg-1 DM) in the rainy season when compared to dry season, which had lesser NDF content and greater DIVMS, respectively (648.63 g kg-1 DM, 410.82 g kg-1 DM). The C fraction of the carbohydrates in the leaf blades did not differ between the genotypes, however with irrigation this fraction increased by 20%. There was a greater proportion of the B1 + B2 fraction of the nitrogen compounds in the plants without irrigation. The volume of gas obtained through the degradation of the fibrous carbohydrates, it was significantly greater in the stem, than to the leaf blades, especially in the high-size genotypes. The proportion of adaxial and abaxial leaf blades epidermis of leaf blades varied significantly (P ≤ 0.05) between the genotypes. There were a significant interaction (P ≤ 0.05) between irrigation and genotypes, and between genotypes and season to sclerenchymatic tissue in leaf blades. Regards the vascular sheath in the leaf blades, there was an isolated effect of the genotypes (P ≤ 0.05) and it was observed that the highest and lowest proportion of vascular sheath was recorded, respectively, in the Mott (19.93%), and IRI 381 (14.65%) and did not differ from the Taiwan A-146 2.37 (17.42%) and Elefante B (17.98%). For the proportion of parenchyma in stems, there was an isolated effect (P ≤ 0.05) between the genotypes, a greater parenchyma area was recorded in the stem of the small-size genotypes (57.35%), which was different significantly from the high-size (52.05%). The indigestible carbohydrates, NDF, ADF and lignin presented strong negative correlations with mesophyll and positive with sclerenchymatic tissue, while the carbohydrates of rapid rumen degradation and in vitro digestibility of the dry matter showed positive correlations with the mesophyll. Small-size genotypes have better nutritive value when compared to high-size genotypes. The lesser nutritive value of the genotypes under irrigation may indicate that the cutoff frequency should be higher due to the effects of water on the growth of genotypes, especially in the high-size genotypes. The rainy season and the presence of irrigation provide larger areas of degradation slow tissue or indigestible. Estimates of the proportions of mesophyll, xylem, associated fibers and sclerenchyma combined with chemical composition improves the estimation of nutritive value.
Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
Tipo do documento: Tese2019-07-19T00:00:00Z