A atuação de mulheres no movimento negro alagoano (1980-1988) : entre encontros, marchas e jornadas

Abstract

In Alagoas, the black movement was organized in the late 1970s, following its path in the Palmares lands during the civil-military dictatorship (1964-1985). The Zumbi Cultural Association (ZCA) sought intervention strategies to strengthen the anti-racist struggle in the state, through political and pedagogical activities, as well as in the articulations for the listing of Serra da Barriga. This research aims to analyze the actions of black ZCA militants in the period 1980-1988, identifying their main causes of struggle and spheres of action. Our purpose was to promote a debate about the Black Women's Movement, and how it was fundamental both for black organization and mobilization in search of social justice, due to the curtailment of rights, and as a response to female discontent due to the secondary nature of their specificities in the black and feminist movement. In this work, we take Kimberle Crenshaw (2004) as a theoretical-methodological reference when proposing the analysis of social markers as intersectional vulnerabilities imbued with violence of race, class and gender, categories that act concomitantly. In that regard, we analyzed the narratives of black militants from the black movement in Alagoas in the aforementioned period, their life experiences, support networks, organizational strategies and their contacts with black feminism, using Oral History as methodological support for conducting interviews. Verena Alberti (2005) is a reference in research involving oral reports as a research method. Oral History is the analysis of different historical contexts experienced by social groups through the contribution of people's testimonies. We took as our corpus of analysis historiographical productions that adopted the categories of race, class and gender from the perspective of female mobilizations in regional and national events, oral accounts of black militants, audiovisual documentation of black women's meetings and reports. The research made us realize that the Black Women's Movement in Brazil in the 1980s was a driving force for female articulation, triggering an independence from the Black Movement, since, born within the MNU and other black entities, the militants proposed to weave their own entity, not necessarily disconnected from the Black Movement, given that the fight to overcome racism is the premise of both movements. However, the search for visibility of race, class and gender oppression was an incentive for the creation of a new mobilization. When we turn to the Alagoas scenario, we notice the influence of black feminism on the ZCA militants, so that the holding of the Journey of the Black Woman from Alagoas in 1988, a preparatory event for the 1st National Meeting of Black Women, was fundamental to broaden the racial debate among women from Alagoas, considering gender as one of the forms of violence that affect black women.