Caracterização morfoagronômica, divergência genética e estimativas de parâmetros genéticos em acessos de pimenteiras ornamentais

Abstract

Ornamental pepper plants have been gaining ground in the ornamental segment, especially in the market for plants grown in pots. However, despite its importance, the national market has few cultivars developed specifically for the ornamental segment. To develop a new cultivar, one of the steps is the characterization of accessions to identify genotypes that present desirable characteristics. Furthermore, knowledge of the genetic divergence of accessions allows breeders to use important information to obtain new cultivars. Given the above, the objective of this research was to carry out the morphoagronomic characterization, estimate the genetic diversity and genetic parameters of ornamental pepper accessions. The experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions belonging to the Pernambuco Agronomic Institute (IPA), located in Recife. 20 accessions of ornamental pepper plants were used, belonging to the IPA Capsicum germplasm bank, they are: 403, 404, 407, 408, 410, 411, 414.1, 414.2, 416, 423, 424, 429, 431, 435, 436, 439, 442, 443, Canudos and IFV. After analysis, it was found that accessions 404, 408, 410 and 423 meet the plant height standard (ATP) recommended by the market. For the characteristics related to the color of the fruits, which attract a lot of attention from consumers, the color of the immature fruit (CIM) and the color of the mature fruit (CMD) accessions 408 and IFV presented lilac/brown/green (mixture of colors) and dark red colors, respectively, in addition to having more compact architecture. In the UPGMA method, 3 groups were formed, in which 2 groups were formed by 18 accesses. In the principal components analysis, the accumulated variance up to the seventh component reached 83.99%. The characterization of ornamental pepper accessions exposed a wide genetic variability among the accessions studied, indicating that there are promising accesses for the consumer market. The analysis of genetic divergence, considering quantitative and qualitative characteristics, quantified the genetic distances between groups, possible crosses for the development of new cultivars are being observed.