Mistura do resíduo de indústria de doce e farelo de glúten de milho na alimentação de cordeiros em crescimento

Abstract

The objective was to evaluate the inclusion levels of 0, 330, 660, and 1000 g/kg of dry matter (DM) from the blend of the residue from the candy industry (RIC) and corn gluten meal - CGM (613:387 g/kg of DM, respectively) replacing ground corn, on intake and apparent digestibility coefficients of DM and its constituents, nictemeral behavior, performance, nitrogen balance, biochemical and hematological profiles, carcass characteristics and their gains, edible by-products and their yields. Non-castrated male Santa Inês lambs, with an average age of six months, were used. In chapter I, thirty-six animals with an initial body weight (iBW) of 19.43 ± 1.69 kg were used; in chapter II, the study composed of 36 animals from the experimental group with of iBW of 19.48 ± 1.86 kg, and two more groups were also added: baseline (n = 4) and maintenance level (n = 4) with iBW of 19,85 kg. All animals were randomly distributed in a completely randomized design. The initial body weight was used in the statistical model as a covariate. The baseline group was slaughtered at the beginning of the study, and the maintenance level group was slaughtered at the same time as the experimental group. Baseline and maintenance level groups data were used to obtain equations for estimating the initial weights of the animals. Intakes of DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), detergent fiber (NDF), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), total digestible nutrients (TDN), metabolizable energy (ME, Mcal/day) and water, as well as the apparent digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CB, ether extract (EE) and NFC were not influenced by the inclusion of the RCI:CGM blend in the diet (P > 0.05). However, there was a tendency to reduction in EE intake (P = 0.063) and an increase in the apparent NDF digestibility coefficient (P = 0.095), with the increase in the RCI:CGM blend in the diet. Also, DM intakes expressed in g/kg of BW and g/BW0.75, were not affected. The RCI:CGM blend replacing corn in the diet increased the times of ingestion, rumination and total chewing (P <0.05), but reduced the idleness time, rumination efficiency (RE) of the DM (P < 0.05 ), and showed a tendency to reduce the RE of NDF of the diets (P = 0.098). There was no effect of the blend on the feed efficiencies (FE) of DM and NDF (P > 0.05). The replacement of corn by the RCI:CGM blend did not affect the body weight at slaughter, average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (ratio ADG:DMI; DMI - dry matter intake) and the variables related to the balance nitrogen (BN) (P > 0.05). Except for uric acid (P = 0.084), which tended to decrease, the energy, protein, enzyme and mineral biochemical profiles were not affected by experimental diets (P > 0.05). Inclusion levels of the RCI:CGM blend in the diet increased the neutrophil and monocyte count (P < 0.05) and tended to increase the leukocyte count (P = 0.094), but did not affect the blood count and leukogram parameters (lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils) (P > 0.05). Performance, carcass characteristics, carcass gains, tissue composition of the leg, edible by-products and their yields, subjective evaluations of finish (mean score of 2.29) and conformation (mean score of 2.90) were not affected by the inclusion levels (P > 0.05). However, the subjective evaluation of renal fat coverage differed between diets (P < 0.05), with the lowest mean (mean score of 2.23) attributed to animals fed the diet with 1000 g/kg of DM of RCI:CGM blend. Therefore, the RCI:CGM blend (ratio 613:387 g/kg of DM) can completely replace corn in the lamb diet, without affecting the performance, characteristics, and yield of the carcass, as well as the health of the animals. Also, the inclusion of the mixture can contribute to reducing feed costs and solid contaminants in the environment.