Sobrevivência, crescimento e produtividade de clones de Eucalyptus em área de transição entre Zona da Mata e o Agreste seco do estado de Pernambuco

Abstract

In the state of Pernambuco, forest biomass is a source of energy used in different areas, from homes to industries, being essential in some sectors. The production of wood through fastgrowing planted forests is directly associated with the conservation of remnants of native vegetation, where wood is legally supplied, in rotations smaller than the natural forest. The implementation of energy forests aims to form raw material for the production of bioenergy, combining technology with a sustainable environmental perspective. Wood production in the state is in an initial cycle and studies of the behavior of the implantation of forest stands are necessary for conducting and future projections of eucalyptus plantations, which, for energy purposes, have difficulty related to the poor selection of clones adapted to a long period of water deficit associated with high temperatures. The research was carried out in a clonal Eucalyptus sp. plantation, implemented in 2016, in the city of Glória do Goitá, in order to meet the energy demand of a multinational company. The study aimed to obtain information on planting, growth, height, survival rate and volumetry of the different clones used, VM01, AEC144 and AEC224. From the dendrometric variables collected, it was possible to adjust the hypsometric model, obtaining the adjusted coefficient of determination R2 aj (%) 83% and Syx standard error (%) 3%. With the height estimation, the linearized Schumacher-Hall model was adjusted, presenting an adjusted determination coefficient R2 aj (%) of 99% and the standard error of the estimate Syx (%)1%. The estimated planting volume to obtain productivity was lower than expected for 5 years. The maximum volume value was 52.50 m³/ha in treatment III of the AEC144 variety. The IMA of the three eucalyptus clones did not differ significantly after 5 years of planting. The average was 6.26 m³/ha, lower than expected for Eucalyptus stands. Survival analysis showed an average field rate of 69% over the 5 years. The high planting mortality directly interfered with growth and productivity, with shallow soils and lack of water availability as one of the associated factors, which led to a halt in development. The cost simulation showed that the planting system of the analyzed Eucalyptus clones is unfeasible, presenting a negative scenario in the experiment carried out on the Lagoa Grande farm.