Composição química de óleos essenciais de espécies de piper que ocorrem na floresta amazônica no Brasil

Abstract

The species Piper bellidifolium Yunk., Piper duckei C.DC. Piper durilignum C.DC., Piper acutilimbum C.DC., Piper consanguineum (Kunth) Trel. & Yunck. and Piper hostmannianum (Miq.) C.DC. are bushes that occur in the Amazon biome and are characterized by morphological similarities. With the aim of analyzing the chemical profile of the volatile constituents of these species, essential oils from the leaves were obtained through steam distillation and analyzed using GC-FID and GC-MS. The GC-MS data were submitted to principal component analysis. The chemical analysis enabled the identification of 115 compounds representing 96.3 ± 0.6 % of the P. bellidifolium; 97,1 ± 1,1 % of the P. duckei; 95.5 ± 0.71 % of the P. durilignum; 98.0 ± 1.0 % of the P. acutilimbum; 96.1 ± 2.1 % of the P. consanguineum and 96,0 ± 1,1 % of the P. hostmannianum. oil. Although the oils of the six species had sesquiterpene as the predominant chemical class, with the exception of P. hostmannianum that presented a high percentage of phenylpropanoids (40.5 ± 0.7), differences qualitative and quantitative in their chemical composition were observed. The major constituents were (E)-nerolidol (20.3 ± 0.4 %) in the P. bellidifolium oil; β-caryophyllene (41,2 ± 1,0 %) in the P. duckei; germacrene D (11.1 ± 0.3 %) in the P. durilignum oil; γ-eudesmol in both the P. consanguineum (18.6 ± 0.5 %) and P. acutilimbum (7.5 ± 0.4 %) oils and dillapiole (22,4 ± 0,5 %) in the P. hostmannianum. Despite the morphological similarity among the species investigated, principal component analysis revealed the formation of four distinct groups corresponding to the oils of each species, which differ significantly from each other.