Estratégias para sustentabilidade do arranjo produtivo local de piscicultura no semiárido de Pernambuco, Brasil

Abstract

Fish farming is an activity of great socioeconomic importance in the semi-arid region, but without efficient management and due management in the production system it can be harmful, contributing to the loss of water quality, generating environmental impacts and compromising the sustainability of water resources. The objective of the study was to analyze the activity of fish farming, indicating strategies to promote improvement of the environmental management of the activity, based on a case study in aquaculture of the excavated tank, on the banks of the Itaparica reservoir, in the semiarid region of Pernambuco. The quantitative approach was used, using phytoplankton as a bioindicator of water quality. For this, water samples were collected from the fish culture for analysis of chlorophyll a, total phosphorus and phytoplankton. And qualitative analysis, aiming to correlate the fish farming with the principles of sustainability and the application of the Swot Matrix as an environmental management model for fish farming. The examination of the phytoplankton community indicates a vigilance regarding the density of Cyanophyta above the limit recommended in the legislation Conama 357/05 and the presence of species potentially producing cyanotoxins in the reservoir of Itaparica. The Indices of the Trophic State and the Phytoplankton Community call attention to the effluent of the fish culture and the reservoir of Itaparica, where water was considered poor, classified as mesotrophic and hypereutrophic, respectively. Based on the analysis of fish farming based on sustainability principles, it was concluded that the maintenance of the sector depends on the efficiency in the planning of the use of water resources, based on the support capacity of the Itaparica reservoir and the performance of the fish farmers as main components in the maintenance and inspection of water quality. From the Swot Matrix, trends were observed, and the main themes observed as limitations for fish farming were the generation of effluent and the obstacles to obtain the environmental licenses. Among the points capable of boosting the development of the sector are the reuse and treatment of water, the proximity of the productive chain in the region consolidating the APL, the partners and the support of educational institutions and the commercialization of fingerlings. Studies that contribute to an efficient and sustainable management are essential to guarantee the growth of the sector, besides subsidizing the formulation of environmental public policies, which seek the continuous improvement in the system of sustainable food production in the semi-arid region.