Dispositivos nano e microestruturados utilizados como sistemas de liberação controlada de substâncias bioativas

Abstract

Nanodispositives, objects developed at nanometer scale, are manufactured by presenting physicochemical properties more efficient than materials in macro scale, having good influence in health area. The nanosystems loaded with bioactive substances surpass the lipid barriers, act with precision in the place of action and promote increase in bioavailability of the drug, by stabilizing for a longer time the maximum plasma concentration and this allows to decrease the dose And how many times it is administered. In addition, they avoid adverse and toxic effects. Therefore, the research objective was to develop nanodevices, polymeric micelles and fibrils made by the electrospinning technique, for a controlled drug release. They were manufactured by methods simple, easy to handle, large scale production and with little or no excipients, which differs from conventional forms of drugs releasing. The materials used to compose devices were the hydrophobic polymers (PCL and P (3-HB), the hydrophilic polymer (PEG or PEO) and the sugar alcohol, sorbitol. These materials were selected for conditioning the biodegradable and biocompatible characteristics of nanosystems, which is necessary for application in biological systems. The copolymers synthesized to make the micelles were produced in triblock and star format, with efficiency above 50% and without reagents. The micelles had sizes below 1000 nm, ideal for use in parenteral administration and the stability was better for micelles formed by star copolymers. The fibrillary mats presented more than 95% efficiency in the encapsulation of bioactive loads. Finally, both devices were radio sterilized by gamma radiation, dose 25 kGy and from the eleven bioactive substances used, Only two demonstrated undesirable radiolytic products, which made the process effective. Nanoproducts have future prospects and a wide use with various drugs, in vivo study, dual encapsulation of bioactive substances and fabrication of double layer fibrils.