Investigando, a partir de premissas da engenharia didática, um processo formativo com bolsistas de física do PIBID que envolve o desenho, a aplicação e a validação de uma sequência de ensino-aprendizagem

Abstract

Many studies focused on the teaching of science are currently debating the use of new methodological approaches in teaching processes, among which we can highlight the elaboration and application of Teaching-Learning Sequences (TLS) based on the Integrated Constructivist Perspective (Méheut). This is a European methodological current that aims to present a short curriculum to address certain scientific knowledge in the classroom. This proposal suggests substantial changes in the way in which teaching is taking place in schools, which demands the teachers' need to know and adopt new methodologies. However, the insertion of these trends depends on how the teacher understands and appropriates them. Aware of the difficulties faced in the processes of initial teacher training in Brazil, we propose to develop in this thesis a formative proposal based on the construction of new meanings for the teaching-learning process. For that, an instructional process was developed through the articulation between theoretical and practical elements based on Artigue's Didactic Engineering Approach (ED), where we contemplate from the theoretical perspective the experimentation of the educational practice. The organizational dynamics used for this training process was based on three stages: Theoretical Formation; Structuring / Designing a TLS and Design Review, after the formative stage, the implementation and validation of the built sequence occurred. In view of this context, our objective was to understand the contributions of a formative process developed with seniors, based on didactic engineering premises, which involves the design, application and validation of a teaching-learning sequence. The research was developed within the scope of initial education with a pair of graduates of the Physics Course - IFPE PIBID. The study is of a qualitative nature, with emphasis on action research, being used as data collection instruments observations, videography and semi-structured interviews. The results showed that the training proposal points to the importance of the articulation between theoretical and practical elements in the training process, considering that evidence was found of the difficulties faced by the seniors during the TLS design process (practical stage), which leads us To question the efficiency of learning by essentially theoretical approaches. The results also show the potential of the theoretical-methodological framework of the Integrated Constructivist Perspective for the TLS design process as it presents characteristics quite different from traditional teaching approaches. In addition, the study reveals the importance of effective follow-up of teacher trainers in all phases of the training process, and especially in the sequence structuring phase. The study also showed that didactic engineering provided important subsidies for the analysis of the training process because it allowed the understanding of the impacts caused by the teaching practices developed during the application of the teaching-learning sequence applied to high school students.