Desafios de professores de ciências e biologia em início de carreira

Abstract

The present research brings results of the investigation about science and biology teachers at the beginning of their careers. Concerns about this phase of the career are not recent, for years researchers have been studying early teachers because they are in transition from being a student to becoming a teacher. In this context, our general objective was to understand the challenges of beginning teachers of Science and Biology at the beginning of their careers. We used the following research tools: questionnaire, semi-structured interview and promotion of a culture circle with teachers. A pilot study was also necessary to complement the studies on the subject. The research was carried out with fourteen professors graduated a maximum of five years ago by the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, graduates of the course of Full Degree in Biological Sciences and the data collected were submitted to content analysis. In addition to knowing the challenges of early science and biology teachers, we analyze the difficulties faced by teachers at the beginning of their careers, identify the contributions and gaps of the initial training and the school field of action and know the strategies proposed by the teachers so that the problems faced Are minimized. We identify that there are many challenges at this stage of the career and that these can be decisive for the continuity in the profession, and can be grouped into three major groups: personal, structural and social. Teachers often relate the challenges to the gaps of their initial training, such as the difficulty of relating theory to practice in school, in addition, claim that the school's lack of support to meet recurring challenges in teacher-student relationships. Challenges specific to the area were also cited by teachers such as difficulty with curriculum, little workload, devaluation of the area, among others. We identified that schools do not have a receiving culture for newly trained teachers, and many difficulties arise from this lack of follow-up. Some of the strategies for minimizing difficulties are related to personal discipline, suggestions of teaching methodologies, establishing healthy relationships with students, parents, staff and school staff, emotional control and self-identification with the area. We found that a new culture of receiving and accompanying the beginning teacher needs to be developed. The beginning teacher presents particularities that are relevant and can be decisive for his / her stay in the profession.