Diversidade rizobiana em sistemas silvipastoris com leguminosas arbóreas e braquiária

Abstract

The presence of legumes can influence the diversity and size of the native rhizobial community of the soil. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the legume and its distance in relation to the rhizobia diversity, in pasture soil of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. Under silvopastoral system. The soil was collected in an Itambé-PE experiment, with 3 treatments, consisting of 1 ha each, being: Gliricidia + braquiária, Sabiá + braquiária and, in monoculture, with 3 replicates. In the intercropped plots, sampling was done by dividing the same in transects in the direction of the longest length, along which points were scored to obtain the composite sample of soil between the double row of the legume (0 m), and from that plot Point, every four meters (4m, 8m), the latter coinciding in the center of the brachiaria. Already in the parcels with brachiaria in monoculture, the collection was carried out in three random points. The number of soil rhizobia was estimated using the most probable number method in plants, with three replications, in the greenhouse and using the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) as bait plant. Germinated seeds were inoculated with 1.0 ml of soil samples after serial dilution (10 -1 to 10 -8) and collected at 35 days. Twenty nodules per treatment were used for isolation and phenotypic characterization. Grouping with groups of 100% similarity was carried out. Random representatives were selected to evaluate the symbiotic capacity together with strains recommended for cowpea, with nitrogen and absolute control. The dry mass of dry nodules (MSN), number of nodules (NN), and relative efficiency (ER) were analyzed. For the sequencing, the amplified DNA of the isolates that showed relative efficiency, similar to or greater than the reference control, was used. Rhizobian populations were found for cowpea in all combinations of legumes and distances, as well as in single brachiaria pasture. The morphological diversity of diazotrophic bacterial communities was high. Significant differences were found for number of nodules, root dry mass, shoot dry mass and relative efficiency. 51% of the isolates showed similar or higher relative efficiency than the positive controls. Most of the isolates presented genetic similarity ranging from 77% to 99% with Bradyrhizobium strains. Therefore, it is concluded that the presence of the tree legumes Gliricídia and Sabiá under silvipastoral system in pastures of B. decumbens Stapf. Do not influence the density and diversity of noduliferous bacteria in cowpea. And that native populations of noduliferous bacteria in cowpea are efficient at fixing nitrogen and can be recommended for tests of agronomic efficiency.