Situação epidemiológica das infecções por Tritrichomonas foetus e Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis em bovinos na microrregião geográfica do brejo paraibano

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological situation of infection by Tritrichomonas foetus and Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis in cattle at Brejo Paraibano microregion, Northeastern Brazil, identifying the possible risk factors associated with T. foetus infection. For the study of T. foetus, 349 samples of cervico-vaginal mucus and smegma were collected in beef and dairy cattle (290 females and 59 males) in 31 farms and for C. fetus subsp. venerealis, 273 samples of cervico-vaginal mucus from dairy cows from 19 farms were collected. Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to identify the DNA of the agents and culture with Modified Diamond medium for isolation of T. foetus. For analysis of risk factors associated with Tritrichomonas foetus infection in bovine species, univariate analysis of the variables of interest was performed by the Pearson chi-squared test, or Fisher's exact test, when necessary. Subsequently, logistic regression was performed considering PCR (positive or negative) as the dependent variable for trichomoniasis. Thematic maps were prepared with prevalence distributions in the studied area. The prevalence of C. fetus subsp. venerealis infection in cows was 7.7% (21/273) (CI 95% 4.8% – 11.5%), and 31.6% (6/19) of the farms showed at least one positive animal. The prevalence of T. foetus infection was 3.7% (13/349) (CI 95%, 2.1 - 6.4%). Regarding the gender, a prevalence of T. foetus infection of 4.5% (females) and 0.0% (males) was observed. The percentage of farms that had at least one positive animal for T. foetus was 19.3% (6/31). In culture, no samples were positive for T. foetus. The risk factor associated with T. foetus infection identified in this study was contact of females with bulls of other farms (OR 5.9; CI 1.5 - 22.4). This is the first report of C. fetus subsp. venerealis infection in dairy cows in this region of Brazil and the first in Brejo Paraibano microregion that analyzed T. foetus infection in cattle. To reduce risk of infection, it is recommended to adopt an artificial insemination program on the farms with negative bull semen, as well as a vaccination program against Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis to stimulate immunity to reduce the occurrence of infection and possible reproductive problems. Contact of females with males of other farms should be avoided, especially when the health status of these bulls is not known regarding these two infections.