Proteinograma e indicadores bioquímicos no sangue e no líquido peritoneal de bovinos acometidos com desordens digestivas

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the systemic and local response by means of the hemogram, biochemical and proteinogram analyzes simultaneously evaluated in the blood and peritoneal fluid (PF) of cattle affected with digestive disorders. Twenty-seven adult cattle, half-dairy breeds and semi-intensive breeding were used at the Garanhuns Cattle Clinic, a UFRPE school hospital. The animals were divided into two groups according to the disease that affected them: (GI: intestinal disorders) (n = 14) and (GII: reticulites) (n = 13). Firstly, the clinical examination was performed and blood samples were taken to perform the hemogram, plasma protein and fibrinogen determination and the serum to perform the biochemical and polyacrylamide gel proteinogram (SDS-PAGE) analyzes. At the same time, PF samples were collected for physical, cytological, measurement of biochemical analytes and electrophoretic profile (SDS-PAGE). The biochemical determinations in blood and PF were: total protein (TP), albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, glucose, L-lactate, urea, creatinine, triglycerides, cholesterol, enzymatic activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), sodium, calcium and potassium ions and chlorides. The analysis of variance with a 5% probability level was used to compare the groups regarding the hematological, cytological, [TP] LP/ [TP] and blood serum levels and biochemical analyzes, which were also compared between the two body fluids analyzed (blood and PF). Both groups presented clinical impairment, however, apathy, inappetence, dehydration and gastrointestinal hypomotility were more frequent in GI animals. In the cytological analysis of PF, PMN was predominant in both groups (P>0.05). Hematologic response revealed neutrophilic leukocytosis with regenerative left shift and hyperfibrinogenemia in both groups (P>0.05). Albumin (ALB), transferrin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, α1-acid glycoprotein (α1-GPA), PM 23.000 Da, α1-antitrypsin, IgA and IgG were identified in blood and PF. It was observed that the values of the ratio of the proteins identified in both body fluids were high and showed a statistical difference between the groups (P <0.05), with higher TP, ALB, transferrin, α1-GPA and IgG, demonstrating that the acute phase response was more evident in animals with intestinal disorders. The biochemical evaluation of the blood showed that TP, globulin, cholesterol and GGT were significantly higher in GII (P<0.05), while the A/G ratio was higher in GI (P<0.05). In PF, albumin and CK were significantly higher in GI (P<0.05). When comparing blood and PF concentrations, a significant increase of L-lactate in PF in both groups (P <0.05) was observed, which was related to the severity of the alterations present in the abdominal cavity. In view of the results, it can be observed that intestinal disorders and reticulitis induced a systemic and local response characterized by clinical, hematological, cytological, biochemical and proteinogram changes in both blood and PF. The α1-GPA, haptoglobin and transferrin proteins measured on the PF were good biomarkers. In addition, simultaneous evaluation in blood and PF of protein concentration and L-lactate can be recommended as a tool for diagnostic assistance and prognosis of bovine digestive disorders.