Dinâmica do crescimento e morfoanatomia de forrageiras nativas do semiárido brasileiro

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of the association of „capim-de-raiz‟ (Chloris orthonoton Doell.) and „capim-milhã‟ [Brachiaria plantaginea (Link.) Hitchc.], concerning growth, persistence and production, as well to morphanatomically characterize the legume „orelha de onça‟ (Macroptilium martii Benth.). In order to evaluate the dynamics of the association „capim-de-raiz‟ and „capim-milhã‟, two experiments were carried out: I. Evaluation of deferred native pasture concerning botanical composition and forage mass; II. Growth dynamics of „capim-milhã‟ and „capim-de-raiz‟. Experiment I was conducted at the Experimental Station of IPA, in São Bento do Una - PE from 2007 to 2008 with different evaluation periods for forage mass and botanical composition. Experiment II was conducted at a greenhouse in the Animal Science Department - UFRPE, from 09.26.06 to 07.26.07. Soil blocks with the plant community were taken from native pasture area of the Experimental Station of Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco - IPA, in São Bento do Una - PE, and placed in plastic pots remaining at a greenhouse in UFRPE. Pots were submitted to four irrigation schedules: Irrigation I - irrigation at the beginning of the experiment; Irrigation II - started two months after Irrigation I; Irrigation III - started four months after irrigation I and Irrigation IV - started six months after irrigation I. After the initial irrigation of each period, all pots were irrigated every seven days until drainage and regrowth number, seedling number, plant number and inflorescence number were evaluated. Morphanatomical characterization of „orelha de onça‟ leaf was analyzed with optical microscopy in cross-sections confectioned laminae. 10 families, 15 genera and 18 species were identified in the deferred pasture. In botanical composition from May to August 2007, „capim-milhã‟ was the main component from 60 to 90 days with 46.75 and 52.09%, respectively. In August 2007, other species participated with 57.75% of the botanical composition; at the end of evaluation in year 2008 other species occupied 100% of the composition. The highest forage mass (kg DM/ha) for „capim-milhã‟ (2.736) occurred at 90 days, for other species (3.141) and „capim-de-raiz‟ (2.701) at 120 days. In soil blocks it was observed that regrowth occurred only after 30 days of assessment for initial irrigation and the highest number of seedlings to the pots occurred at 30 days. It was observed at 60 days the largest number of grasses for irrigation III and at 90 days for irrigation IV, and that most of inflorescence appeared at 90 days. In deferred area the use of stockpiled forage should preferably take place from 60 to 90 days. The main form of establishment of „capim-de-raiz‟ was by germination and at 150 days it was observed population growth of other species. It was observed paracytic and amphistomatic stomata, simple and uniseriate hairs, palisade and spongy chlorophyll parenchyma in „orelha de onça‟ leaf blade. In stem vascular system it was observed a range of libero-ligneous beams in the internodes area, separating cortex of medulla. Foliar and stem anatomical characteristics are common to legumes.