Etiologia e aspectos epidemiológicos da morte descendente e podridão peduncular em mangueira no Nordeste do Brasil

Abstract

Dieback and stem-end rot in trees and fruits of mango have constituted a serious problem for the agricultural regions of Brazil, and its etiology and control is still a challenge. In the first study, the diversity of isolates of Botryosphaeriaceae from plants and fruits of mango was evaluated in semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil. Morphological characteristics and DNA sequence (5.8 S rDNA, ITS-1 e ITS-2) were used to identify a species already known and to report the presence of two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae in this region. The three species of Botryosphaeriaceae were found always in their anamorphic stage: Botryosphaeria dothidea, Neofusicoccum parvum and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. This is the first occurrence of B. dothidea and N. parvum associated with dieback and stem-end rot on mango in Brazil.Botryosphaeria dothidea and N. parvum species were prevalent in the Vale São Francisco, while L. theobromae prevailed in the Vale Assú. When inoculated in mango fruits ‘Tommy Atkins’, L. theobromae and N. parvum showed to be moreaggressive if compared to B. dothidea. In the second study, it was evaluated the influence of humidity (0 and 72 h in moist chamber) and temperature (25, 30 and 35º C) in the severity of stem-end rot in fruits of mango and the susceptibility of fruits of species different (mango, papaya, avocado and banana) to the species of Botryosphaeriaceae associated with this disease. Mango fruits were inoculated with 15 isolates, five isolates of each of the three species of Botryosphaeriaceae. The humidity and temperature significantly influenced the severity of stem-end rot in fruits of mango. The fruits of mango inoculated with L. theobromae developed symptoms of stem-end rot regardless of the presence of a moist chamber and fruits of mango inoculated with B. dothidea and N. parvum showed symptoms only when they were exposed to a period of 72 h in a moist chamber. The greatest lesions caused by both L. theobromae and by N. parvum wereobserved in fruits kept at temperatures of 25 and 30 ºC. It was not observed thedevelopment of symptoms in the fruits inoculated with B. dothidea when they were maintained at the three temperatures evaluated during the evaluation period. The isolates of L. theobromae and N. parvum were pathogenic when inoculated in healthy fruit of mango, papaya, avocado and banana. The isolates of B. dothidea were not pathogenic on fruits of banana.